海洋底质数据库引擎技术研究

空间数据引擎是实现空间数据高效访问和管理的关键技术之一.结合海洋地理信息系统应用需求,针对海洋底质数据特点,构建了海洋底质空间数据库引擎,介绍了其数据模型和数据访问结构,并通过工程实践实现了系统功能,为海洋底质空间数据组织和管理提供一个有效的解决方案,同时为海洋地理信息系统提供了强有力数据支持.     

Strengthening conceptual foundations: Analysing frameworks for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation research

A research agenda is currently developing around the linkages between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation. It is therefore timely to consider which conceptual frameworks can best support research at this nexus. Our review of frameworks synthesises existing research on poverty/environment linkages that should not be overlooked with the adoption of the topical language of ecosystem services. A total of nine conceptual frameworks were selected on the basis of relevance. These were reviewed and compared to assess their ability to illuminate the provision of ecosystem services, the condition, determinants and dynamics of poverty, and political economy factors that mediate the relationship between poverty and ecosystem services. The paper synthesises the key contributions of each of these frameworks, and the gaps they expose in one another, drawing out lessons that can inform emerging research. Research on poverty alleviation must recognize social differentiation, and be able to distinguish between constraints of access and constraints of aggregate availability of ecosystem services. Different frameworks also highlight important differences between categories of services, their pathways of production, and their contribution to poverty alleviation. Furthermore, we highlight that it is important to acknowledge the limits of ecosystem services for poverty alleviation, given evidence that ecosystem services tend to be more associated with poverty prevention than reduction. We conclude by reflecting on the relative merits of dynamic Social–Ecological Systems frameworks versus more static checklists, and suggest that research on ecosystem services and poverty alleviation would be well served by a new framework distilling insights from the frameworks we review.     

社会可持续发展应倡导“以自然为本”

从自然哲学的视角提出"以自然为本"的理论命题,对"以自然为本"的理念进行哲学思辨,对"以人为本"观点的局限进行理论反思,论述了"以自然为本"与"以人为本"的辩证关系。认为"以自然为本"与"以人为本"这两种观点相反相成,二者是一种互补互动的辩证关系。"以自然为本"是"以人为本"的基础和前提,在特定的条件下,这两种原则都应坚持,不能偏颇,二者共同形成正确促进资源开发与社会发展的必要张力。在涉及人与社会关系的活动中,理应倡导"以人为本";在涉及人与自然关系的活动中特别是社会可持续发展问题上,还是倡导"以自然为本"为好。     

内蒙古旅游环境预警评价指标体系构建研究

旅游环境预警是防止旅游环境系统向无序化方向发展和进行旅游环境系统优化调控的重要途径,基于内蒙古所处地理环境的特殊性、生态环境的脆弱性背景下,笔者把环境承载力、生态安全理论和生态预警的方法应用到内蒙古旅游环境预警系统中,建立了内蒙古旅游环境预警评价指标体系,并对其运行机制进行分析,力求为内蒙古旅游环境可持续发展模式的探索提供理论和研究方法参考。     

WATER ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE BELT OF XINJIANG SECTION OF THE NEW EURASIAN CONTINENTAL BRIDGE

TheimportantgUidingprinciplethatenstiresthesustainabledevelOPmentOfChinais"The21stCentury'sAgendaofChina"(Office,1994).ThesustainabledevelopmentintheareasalongthenewEtirasiancontinentalBridge(sectioninXinjiang)belongstooneoftheprioritemsof"theagenda".TheopeningofthenewEtirasiancontinentalBridgenotonlybringsabbotgreatoPPOrtunitiesfordevelopmentofXinjiang,butalsoplaysamajorroleinreducingthegapbetweentheWesternandeasternpartsofChina.Furthermore,itcantriggerfuttiresustainabledevelOPmentin…     

建立测绘技术创新体系的探讨

从创新和创新体系的概念出发 ,着重介绍测绘技术创新的重要性 ,提出了建立测绘技术创新体系的一系列对策和措施。     

Sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities in China

The environmental problems in the seriously polluted cities in China have been paid attention to by policy-makers and foreign and domestic scholars. However, it is very difficult to improve the environmental quality fundamentally due to its complexity, for example the formation of the seriously deteriorated environment. It is considered that the terminal harnessing is an important way, but the spread of high-level terminal treatment is restricted by the limit of funds and technological level. Therefore, the way for a sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities should be multiple-sided, which is to correlate the operation of environmental protection with the operation of city construction. To achieve an identity of these opposites, measures should be taken during economic development and environmental protection in every developing stage. In this paper, the authors take Benxi City as a case study.     

SUSTAINABLE USE OF LAND RESOURCE AND ITS EVALUATION IN COUNTY AREA－A Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China

Sutainable use of natural resources is different from sustainable development.As the most important natural resource,sustainable use of land resource is the essential guarantee of sustainable development.The nature of sustainable use of land resource is to retain the quantity and productivity of land resource from generation to generation.The evaluaton of sustainable use of land resource is an important method to ensure land-use to get onto the sustainable track.Furthermore,building index system is the key of the evaluation.In view of tendency of the evaluation indexes chosen so widely,the evaluation indexes should include only three kinds in the researches on the evaluation of sustainable use of land resourece.The first is the stock and structure index of land resource,viz,Areas quantity structure of land resources.In China,it is especially paid attention to the per person index of landquantity and rate between cultivated land farmland.The second is the productive index of land,which includes the productivity,potentiality,stability and renewal situation of land.The third is the sustained index of land environment .On the evaluation research of areal level,we should lay particular emphasis on statistic indexes.With a case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China,the evaluation index system of sustainable land-use in county area has been built in this thesis,Using the weighted average method to calculate the means of sustainable land-use in each county,according to the land-using situation,all counties in the autonomous region have been divided into three types.(1)Sustainable Pattern contains 18 counties,which have higher land resource productivity,stronger sustained abilities of land environment.The economic benefits of land-using in these conties are obviously higher.These counties have gotten highly intensive farming,and tyey are all in the good circumstance.(2)Basically Sutained Pattern contains 48 counties,which productivity of land resource is of middle level.In part of counties are obviously higher.These counties can rapidly enter in a good circumstance.(3)Critically Sustained Pattern contains 14 counties,which are mostlyin the karst mountain areas.They have less stock of land resource,lower productivity and more extensive culitivation.The productivity of land renewing has been hindered.so it urgently need to be renovated.At last,the writers have explored the basic ways of sustainable use of land resource in Guangxi,China-(1)Retain the stock of land resource and strictly manage farmland uses.(2)Strengthen the value accounting of land resource,and control the farmland occupation of non-agricultural controction.(3)Depend on technology advanced,optimize the land-using structure,and promote the productive level.(4)Carry out land management all-round,and improve the ecological environment of land resource.(5)Enhance evaluation researche and land monitoring ,and promote the sustainable utilization level of land resource.     

Sustainable development and coastal management of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province, China

With huge area, favorable light, heat and water conditions, rich biological diversity, and a unique ecological system of submarine sand ridges, Jiangsu tidal flat has great significance to its economic development. Based on the geomorphological characteristics, Jiangsu tidal flat is dynamically divided into stable, erosional and accumulative types. In light of resources distribution, evolution rules of Jiangsu tidal flat, existing problems in coastal management, exploitation and utilization, the sustainable development theory is applied to guide the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of tidal flat. Taking different regions with different local conditions in consideration, and in order to make economic development coordinate with local resources and environments, four regional sustainable development models, i.e. (A) Abandoned Huanghe (Yellow) River delta section for salt and aquatic products industries, (B) Sheyang section for reed, aquaculture and rare animal protection, (C) Dafeng and Dongtai section for agricultural comprehensive exploitation, (D) Nantong section for aquaculture and agriculture, are suggested. Meanwhile, the paper takes the guiding ideology of sustainable development to be reflected in modern integrated coastal management and legislation. Supported by Natural Sciences Foundation of Fujian (D 97006) and State Pilot Laboratory of Coast & Island Exploitation, Nanjing University.     

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SALINE—ALKALI SOIL AREA OF SONGNEN PLAIN, NORTHEAST CHINA NORTHEAST CHINA

There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Butthe sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, higherevaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high exchangeable sodium content and poor infiltration ofthe soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of favorable condi-tions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficient light and heat resources, rich ground water resources,plenty of manure produced by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurements havebeen employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been established; reclamation, amendment and fertilization ofsoil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agriculture. Great progress has been made during 1996- 2000.