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811.
812.
1 Introduction Agriculturallandscape is the m osaics ofnaturaland hum an-managed patches thatvary in size, shape and arrangement(Forman and Gordron,1986).The spatialpattern in the landscape may influence a variety of ecological processes,such as water run… 相似文献
813.
城市居住单元绿地景观遥感环境研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
城市是人类改造最彻底的景观,城市中的居住单元是与市民最息息相关的景观单元。绿地是居住单元的重要自然要素,在调节气候、改善环境质量、吸尘消声等方面起着重要作用,在一定程度上反映了居住单元景观质量的优劣。遥感、地理信息系统与景观生态学理论共同形成了对生态系统空间格局进行研究的独具特色的研究模式,而利用景观指数对空间格局进行定量化研究是这种研究模式的基本内容。传统的景观指数研究多基于TM、SPOT影像在较大尺度上开展,基于高分辨率遥感影像在居住单元这样的小尺度上研究景观格局还较少。本文具体介绍了利用高分辨率遥感影像提取居住单元绿地景观斑块的整个过程,并选取绿地覆盖率、斑块密度、分维数、均匀度指数和最大斑块指数等指数,分析了厦门居住单元的绿地景观结构,最后采用模糊评判的方法对选取的居住单元作综合评价。 相似文献
814.
十六国时期夏国都城--统万城位于陕西省靖边 县城北无定河北岸,今天的自然景观属 于沙漠,仅存稀疏的次生灌丛和草本群落。但是,在约1600年以前,当地为温带干草原, 在塬面或山丘上分布有侧柏林,沟谷、河岸边生长喜温湿的乔木,河流、湖泊、沼泽中水生 植物繁盛,在丘间低洼处或盐碱土上分布有灌木和草本植物。当时该地区的年平均温度为7 8℃~9.3℃,最热月平均温度23.0℃~24.9℃,最冷月平均温度-12℃~-5.6℃,年 较差285℃~38.2℃,年 降雨量403.4~550.0 mm,最大月降雨量83.8~123.9 mm,最小月降雨量为4.4~1 2.2 mm。 当时的年平均温度比现在高出0.2℃~0.7℃,年降雨量也高出60~100 mm。如此的历史景 观今天 已经向南迁移,侧柏林或森林草原退缩至延安以南。在此近 1600年的时间里,毛乌素沙漠 分布范围不断扩大,其南部边缘推进了约200 km,推测沙漠扩展的速率达到平均125 m/ a。 相似文献
815.
基于RS、GIS、景观生态学等方法,以新疆典型干旱区轮台县为研究区,利用1997年、2007年、2017年三期遥感影像解译结果,定量分析轮台县20年间土地利用景观格局变化特征,并运用生态系统服务价值(ESV)估算原理,定量分析轮台县生态服务功能ESV的年际变化,探讨ESV在景观格局演变下的损益和响应,来反映生态输水对塔河沿岸生态的影响。结果表明:轮台县以未利用地大幅度减少,林地与草地的大量增加为主,同时耕地、水域、建设用地以及冰川的面积也有不同程度的增加,但相对于整个县域面积依然相对较小;各斑块类型景观格局指数和整体景观格局指数以及空间格局都发生了不同程度的变化,未利用地对景观整体的控制性减弱,土地利用均匀性和多样性增加,最大斑块指数变化显著,散布并列指数先略有下降后明显增加;轮台县20年间各项生态系统服务功能的ESV均呈显著增加的趋势,ESV总量不断增大;轮台县ESV的增益集中在林地的增加上,占总增益的65.9%,轮台县ESV的损益集中在建设用地和未利用地的转入上,说明林地的增加和未利用地的减少是轮台县ESV增加的主要原因。该研究体现典型水源灌溉对轮台县生态的影响,为干旱区生态系统改善和土地利用规划提供依据。 相似文献
816.
《Geoforum》2017
This paper explores the circulation of images and words about fish that has been certified or endorsed as ‘sustainable seafood’. Specifically, our discourse analysis – of data collected from online, magazine, and television media sources targeted at North Americans – interrogates the constitution of sustainable seafood as a tenable solution to fisheries limits. We reveal three narratives populated by different messages and personalities that describe spaces of fish harvest, crisis, and consumption. By exploring the multifaceted ways that prominent organization National Geographic mediates sustainable seafood, we also show that the narratives rest easily with each other, and when taken together, present what seems like a cohesive set of cultural instructions for viewers and readers. Throughout, we question what is not present in the narratives and highlight how sustainable seafood as a cultural phenomenon opens up new material and political-economic opportunities for some. In sum, we trace a cultural politics that constitutes sustainable seafood as a tenable solution to fisheries limits, obscures the complexities of industrial fisheries, and generates new opportunities for accumulation. Our analysis and discussion pushes research regarding the contemporary cultural politics of sustainability towards an array of media organizations and formats and encourages further consideration of intimate identity politics. 相似文献
817.
《Geoforum》2017
In this review, we call for more engagement with the geo-political dimension of the finance economy that epitomises the 21st-century capitalist order within the European Union. Using the example of financial clearing and settlement, key processes in global trade and finance mechanisms in which London leads the world, we discuss the entangled political and economic dimensions in the shadow of Brexit to come, and its potential impact on the City’s complex financial ecosystem. The aim here is not to consult the crystal ball and predict London’s future as a financial centre. Yet, euro clearing is of geo-political relevance: if the UK leaves the EU, euro clearing would be taking place outside of the ECB’s regulatory space of intervention. This can become highly problematic, as the nominal euro sums involved in a major crisis are immense. We believe that these processes illustrate the pressing need to engage with finance’s geo-economics and geo-politics in more depth, both empirically and conceptually. 相似文献
818.
色尔腾山山前断裂位于阴山山脉的中西段,控制着临河凹陷的北缘,在晚第四纪以来有着强烈的活动。通过对色尔腾山山前断裂大后店—瓦窑滩段进行地貌调查和测量,认为该段并不是一条向NE方向突出的单一弧形断裂,而是由走向为EW向的红旗村段(大后店—乌不浪口)和走向为NW向的圐圙补隆段(乌不浪口—瓦窑滩)组成。整条断裂共发育4级台地,T3台地的形成时代在距今5万至7万年以前,是河套古大湖的湖滨相沉积;T2的形成时代在距今2万至3万年以前。而全新世T1台地在该两段上的分布并不相同,红旗村段和圐圙补隆段T1台地的平均高度分别为537 m和81 m,测得的台地年龄分别为623 ka和1236 ka,沉积物均为冲洪积砂砾。两段断裂全新世的滑动速率分别为086 mm/a和065 mm/a。这两段在几何展布、构造地貌、断层运动学性质方面有不同的特征,属于不同的活动断裂分段,其分段边界的类型为断裂交汇处的T型结点。 相似文献
819.
We studied the population ecology of the snail Melampus bidentatus in relation to patch composition and landscape structure across several salt marsh systems in Connecticut, USA. These marshes have changed significantly over the past 40–50 years including loss of total area, increased areas of short Spartina alterniflora, and decreased areas and fragmentation of Spartina patens. These changes are consistent with tidal inundation patterns that indicate frequent flooding of high marsh areas. Melampus bidentatus densities were highly variable, both among different salt marsh systems and locations within specific marshes, but were generally similar among short Sp. alterniflora and Sp. patens patches within locations. Densities were lowest where the marsh was regularly inundated at high tide and only remnant Sp. patens patches remained. Almost no snails were found in bare patches. Areas that had large Sp. patens patches adjacent to short Sp. alterniflora supported the highest M. bidentatus densities. Population size‐structure varied significantly among patch types, with higher proportions of large individuals in short Sp. alterniflora and hummocked Sp. patens patches than in large and remnant Sp. patens patches. This was likely due to size‐selective predation and/or higher snail growth rates due to better food resource conditions in short Sp. alterniflora patches. Egg mass densities and the number of eggs per egg mass were highest in short Sp. alterniflora. Our results indicate that M. bidentatus is resilient to the level and patterns of salt marsh change evident at our study sites. Indeed, snail densities were significantly higher than reported in other field studies, suggesting that increased patch areas of short Sp. alterniflora and associated environmental conditions at our study sites may provide more favorable habitats than previously when marshes were dominated by extensive Sp. patens meadows. However, there may be threshold conditions that could overwhelm the ability of M. bidentatus to maintain itself within salt marsh systems where changes in hydrology, sedimentation and other factors lead to increased numbers of bare patches and ponds and loss of short Sp. alterniflora and Sp. patens. Studies of the responses of resident and transient fauna to salt marsh change are critically needed in order to better understand the implications for salt marsh ecosystem dynamics and services. 相似文献
820.
采用2005年采集的SPORT5卫星遥感影像和2015年采集的GF-1卫星遥感影像,分别对2006-2014年之间营口月亮湾海岸空间整治项目实施前后的海岸景观格局进行监测,在此基础上构建了沙滩面积系数、适宜游乐水域指数、主体功能度指数、景观多样性系数、景观变化指数等评估指标,评估了营口月亮湾海岸空间整治效果。结果表明:营口月亮湾沙滩养护工程实施后沙滩面积大幅增加,沙滩面积系数为2.44,适宜游泳嬉水娱乐区面积略有增加,适宜游乐区指数为1.10。海岸空间整理工程实施使月亮湾海岸游乐功能分区明显,月亮湖公园、高尔夫休闲区、山海广场区、农业生态旅游度假区和滨海嬉水观光区主体功能度指数分别达到0.89、0.76、0.68、0.65和0.77。海岸景观美化工程整体改变了海岸景观格局,使各功能分区海岸景观多样性提高,海岸景观格局更为优化,总体景观多样性系数达到1.13,景观变化指数达到0.30。 相似文献