乌鲁木齐南山杏树种植气候条件分析

摘要：利用乌鲁木齐南山山区历史气象资料,进行了杏树种植的气候条件分析。结果表明：乌鲁木齐南山的热量、无霜期、降水、光照等气候条件基本可以满足杏树的生长需求,为了避免冬季冻害,应选择在逆温强的地带发展杏树,春季花果期霜冻灾损率为17.7%,处于中轻度风险区。该研究为当地合理进行种植业结构调整提供了参考依据。     

红尼罗鱼的选育研究

红尼罗鱼Reb TjIapja系1983和1985年从台湾引进。经细胞学和生化遗传分析,该鱼的染色体组型为2n=44,具有2对同源染色体携带核仁组织者(NORS),间期银染核仁数(Ag-NORs)在1—4之间;LDH同工酶酶谱为2—5条。与尼罗罗非鱼比较无特别明显差异a可认为是Oreochromisco mossamlicas与Oniloticas的杂交变异种。对其进行系统选育研究,获得F_5和F_6代红色个体比例分别提高到75.8%和80%,个体生长比原来提高10.83—16.74%和12.4%,群体产量提高13.72-26.54和24.13%。具有优良经济性状,成为我国淡水养殖的一个良种。     

横断山区植物分布和栽培的生态气候学研究

作者总结了横断山区植物分布和栽培的特征:1.某些作物种植上限可达很高的海拔高度。例如:云南省丽江地区水稻种植的上限可达2500m以上;西双版纳南坡的橡胶树林分布超过海拔1000m;柑桔最高种植海拔在四川省巴塘县苏龙洼乡可达2400m。2.一些地方某些作物的产量明显较高。例如:大理市(20°N、100°E,2000m)水稻产量可达15t/ha;丽江县小麦产量高达1 t/ha。3.不同地带性的植物可在同一海拔高度上的某些地点良好地共生在一起。4.冬季经常出现的逆湿,使植物分布倒置现象显著。5.一些热带植物(例如芒果)在横断山较高纬度(22°—27°N)地区生长发育良好且产果甚丰,不象中国东部较低纬度(19.5°—23°N)地区那样不产果或产果少。作者并认为,横断山区是茶和柑桔的发源地或发源地之一。     

黄淮海平原风沙化土地果树栽培技术研究

为治理、开发黄淮海平原风沙化土地，３年间，从国内外引入１４９个果树品种，建果园１５．３ｈｍ２。历时７年，选择出良种２８个，有苗百万株，推广、辐射面积０．６６ｈｍ２。研究表明：在现有条件下，本区采用引进选择、试验示范、推广辐射的办法，进行大穴栽植，截断淤积层，矮化密植，四季修剪，植物生长剂调控树体，少量、多次、浅施肥料，增施有机肥，间作留茬，冬春少耕、免耕，早防病虫害等一整套果树栽培、管理技术，是发展黄淮海风沙化地区果林业的一条快速、可靠、有效的方法。     

Calculation of Ecological Compensation Standards for the Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System

Kuancheng Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Containment Function Area. The Traditional Chestnut Cultivation System is characterized by agroforestry compound, and some studies have shown that the compound planting of chestnut has better ecological benefits than the single chestnut planting mode. However, most of the local farmers in Kuancheng are mainly engaged in single chestnut cultivation. Through ecological compensation, farmers are being encouraged to change their chestnut planting mode, which can achieve the purpose of inheriting China’s important agricultural heritage and improving the ecological benefits. This paper introduces preference coefficients to correct for opportunity costs, and through interviews and questionnaires, we obtained the input and output of the single chestnut cultivation, chestnut-maitake, chestnut-millet, and chestnut-chicken and the income of laborers working outside the home in the Kuancheng area. Through analysis and calculation, we obtained the following results: (1) Although the net income of the three chestnut composite modes is higher, their economic input is higher than that of a single chestnut planting mode, and the return on unit investment is lower. (2) The average income of young and middle-aged workers who work outside is higher than that of the local farming industry, so the local chestnut agroforestry plantation has a higher opportunity cost. (3) The final calculation shows that the chestnut-chicken agroforestry operation mode needs no compensation, the chestnut-maitake plantation mode is compensated at least 1608.5 USD ha^-1 yr^-1, and the minimum compensation for the chestnut-millet plantation mode is 198.3 USD ha^-1 yr^-1, which can guarantee that farmers receive the full value of their creations. Ultimately, farmers are incentivized to revive the traditional agroforestry production mode to achieve both economic and ecological benefits while inheriting agricultural heritage.     

Sociopolitical influences on cropland area change in Iraq, 2001–2012

Iraq has experienced significant agricultural land use changes throughout its history, including recent changes initiated by the 2003 US-led military invasion, the end of United Nations' economic sanctions and the onset of overt domestic conflict. Conflict and sociopolitical forces are important drivers of land use/land cover change and often have disproportionate impacts on agricultural systems. However, there has been little research to investigate recent changes in agricultural land use/land cover in Iraq over the recent tumultuous period that has included war and the transition of its political system from a dictatorship to an emerging but beleaguered democracy. Our objectives were to (1) determine if cropland area in Iraq changed significantly between 2001 and 2012, (2) identify regional patterns of cropland area change, and (3) identify sociopolitical forces driving those changes. We used MODIS Land Cover Product yearly data to quantify the amount of land cover dedicated to croplands. We regressed cropland area (ha) on time (2001, 2002, 2003,…) and years with drought influence (yes, no). The results revealed significant changes in cropland area for Iraq as a whole, with cropland area decreasing over 30,000 ha per year. Regionally, there were significant decreases in the Kurdish Autonomous Region and central Iraq, and initial increases in the southern marshlands followed by decreases related to drought.     

洪湖垦殖剖面的地球化学特征

于1988-1990年在洪湖设6个剖面站位，对洪湖地区不同时期的垦殖剖面进行地球化学分析，并通过对沉积物层序间的21个元素的聚类分析，探讨垦殖剖面中元素的分布，地下水及垦殖对元素迁移的影响和再沉积作用与垦殖土壤的关系，指出由于湖泊区域性干演和垦殖过程的变化，导致沉积层序发生变化。这是人类垦殖活动对沼泽化湖泊产生影响的典型例证。     

裸果木引种栽培试验研究

裸果木（Ｇｙｍｎｏｃａｒｐｏｓｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉ）为国家二级珍稀濒危保护植物。迄今，关于裸果木人工栽培特别是无性繁殖方面的研究，工作不多，成效甚微。笔者近三年调查了裸果木的生境，研究了其繁殖栽培技术，取得了一定成果。结果表明：裸果木的物候期比原产地稍早，生长发育较好，能正常开花结果；种子质地松软，无需特殊处理，在沙壤土播深２ｃｍ，１０天许发芽出土并且出苗较为整齐；插播育苗选１－２年生枝条，用１００、１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ　ＡＢＴ一号生根粉药液浓度处理其插条，均能达到４０－８０％的成活率。     

渤海湾条斑紫菜养殖的初步研究

本文对2017年11月下旬至2018年5月上旬在渤海湾养殖的条斑紫菜进行整个生长周期(1月中旬-3月中旬结冰期除外)的取样调查,并对其生长的海域环境因子进行实时监测。通过对头茬紫菜的生长状况与环境因子数据进行分析,初步证实,条斑紫菜适宜在渤海湾海域生长,水温、盐度、pH和亚硝酸盐是限制其生长的重要环境因子,如若在该海域环境条件适宜时及时张挂网帘,其生长期可延长至5个月左右。调查还发现,如何渡过冬季结冰期是该海域条斑紫菜养殖亟待解决的关键问题,本文亦提出两种方案,效果如何还有待进一步试验论证。