Control Experiments for Underwater Cultural Relics Survey by Marine Geophysical of Acoustics

Marine geophysical acoustic methods are a powerful tool for high-precision, large-scale underwater archaeological relics investigations and research in the shallow water. There is a complex coupling relationship between the marine environment and the preservation of underwater cultural relics, which leads to great uncertainty based on the detection data to deduce the existence and distribution of underwater cultural relics. In the past 30 years, the controllable experiments of acoustic methods for underwater cultural relics show that different side-scan sonar systems have varied acoustic response. Multi-beam sonar can be used to study the temporal variation of underwater cultural relics, while shipwreck partially or totally embedded in seabed sediments can be detected by sub-bottom profile. The control experiment will increase the understanding of the acoustic response for different underwater cultural types. Control experiment on the underwater cultural relics can provide a reference for the correlation between detection results and interpretation accuracy, and hopefully provide a systematic solution for underwater cultural survey in an efficient way and on a wide-scale, thus better protecting and managing underwater cultural relics.     

门头沟区斋堂镇东河沟泥石流发育特征及防治工程

泥石流是北京地区危害性严重的地质灾害之一,其形成原因复杂、暴发突然、危害性大。针对门头沟区斋堂镇向阳口村东河沟泥石流发育特征,通过钻探、槽探、试验、物探等勘查手段,查明泥石流发育的自然环境、形成条件、基本特征及危害,对重要泥石流特征值包括泥石流流体重度、流速、流量、一次冲出量、一次固体冲出物质总量、泥石流整体冲压力、爬高和最大冲起高度等,进行定量计算。并根据勘查成果和泥石流沟发育特征,设计以稳拦、排导、清淤为综合工程治理思路,采用钢筋混凝土拦挡坝、浆砌石谷坊、排导槽、挡墙、沟道清理工程等多种措施,进行综合防治。     

基于水生态功能分区的辽河流域控制单元划分

基于控制单元的水质目标管理可以使复杂的流域水环境问题分解到各控制单元内,而控制单元划分是实现基于控制单元水质目标管理的必要环节。基于水生态功能分区,在控制单元划分理论、原则与方法研究基础上,在GIS技术支持下,实现了辽宁省辽河流域控制单元划分。结果表明：根据辽河流域自然地理指标、水生态环境指标和社会经济指标,将该区域划分为5个一级控制单元、56个二级控制单元、245个三级控制单元。研究成果可以为建立基于控制单元的辽河流域水环境质量管理体系提供技术支持。     

京津风沙源区1959-2011年潜在蒸散气候敏感性的时空变异

基于Penman-Monteith公式和京津风沙源区及周边46个气象站1959-2011年逐日气象数据,分析了潜在蒸散对气温、风速、日照时数和相对湿度的敏感性及其时空变化规律。结果表明:(1)年尺度潜在蒸散对最高气温最为敏感,其次是相对湿度,对风速最不敏感;季节尺度最高气温和日照时数敏感系数的高值发生在夏季,最低气温、风速和相对湿度敏感系数的高值发生在冬季。(2)空间尺度潜在蒸散对最高气温、最低气温和相对湿度的敏感性表现为从东北向西南减少,而对日照时数表现为增加。(3)京津风沙源区1959-2011年潜在蒸散对气温的敏感性呈下降趋势,而对风速、日照时数和相对湿度的敏感性呈增加趋势。(4)气温的敏感性随温度升高而下降,而日照时数和相对湿度的敏感性随光照和湿度下降而升高。     

RIVER BLINDNESS REVISITED*

My hypothesis on onchocerciasis, or river blindness, appeared in the Geographical Review of 1966. It led to an invitation from the World Health Organization in 1972 to revisit the problem area for two months to provide information to assist in the planning of a twenty‐year program of intervention. This article presents unpublished maps selected from my 1972 report. The issues discussed have relevance today regarding international health projects, air‐mass climatology, and human geography.     

TOC信息的广播控制算法

研究了广播TOC信息时的控制算法和控制方法。在一个罗兰C信道上，可以单一广播TOC信息，也可以与差分GNSS信息交替广播。分析了交替广播时的信息的有效性和可用性。给出了TOC信息帧帧头位置序号的递推公式，并提出了相应的控制方法。     

一种液晶显示系统的单片机接口设计

液晶显示器（LCD）工作电压低、功耗小、能与CMOS电路匹配；且显示柔和、字迹清晰、重量轻、可靠性高、寿命长，自问世以来其发展速度之快，用途之广远远超过了其它发光器件。在自动化仪表及自动控制系统中，越来越多的设计者采用液晶显示与仪器对接，尽管其接口电路较传统的LED显示器复杂，由于其独特的优点，正得到广泛地应用。现介绍一种单片机LCD显示器接口的设计。在使用步进电机进行精密自动控制的系统中，利用8031单片机作为控制器，加之使用8255并行接口，可实现移位显示，也可适时显示转角信息和检测信息。该设计自动化程度高、可控性强，可用于天文仪器的精密定位、扫描以及其它自控监示系统。     

Environmental quality control: a queueing game

This paper considers a pollution economics and control problem which uses a queuing framework. This approach is shown to establish a link between a firms economic activity and its linkages to externalities such as pollution, environmental control (as would be considered by an environmental agency) and a number of variables commonly encountered in such problems. A number of environmental issues are addressed and a Stackleberg game is formulated between the environmental regulating agency and polluting firms where the firm is assumed to be a follower, maximizing its profits while the environmental agency is a leader, assumed to be a long run average cost manager. The solution we propose is based on the agencys internalizing externalities at firms expense using both subsidies for pollution abatement and penalties. In this framework, environmental costs penalties, incentive for pollution abatement investment and the sampling probabilities of environmental controls are determined.     

抚顺煤田开采诱发的地质灾害现状及防治对策

抚顺煤田开采诱发的地质灾害有5种主要形态类型:露天开采导致的边坡变形;煤田采空区地面沉陷;煤震;采煤剥离物自燃对环境的污染和采煤剥离物对地下水的污染。研究上述地质灾害的分布状况、灾害程度以及发生机制,可为预防和治理地质灾害提供依据。     

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)的近场效应和近场校正

本文简单地介绍了可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)的近场效应和近场校正方法,利用CSAMT的正演计算说明了推覆体下找煤的可能性。并以淮北某煤田为例,说明现有近场校正方法在推覆体下找煤的应用效果。