Following things of rubbish value: End-of-life ships, ‘chock-chocky’ furniture and the Bangladeshi middle class consumer

There has been an upsurge of geographical work tracing globalised flows of commodities in the wake of Appadurai’s (1986) call to ‘follow the things’. This paper engages with calls to follow the thing but argues that work thus far has been concentrated, first, on global flows from developing world producers to developed world consumers, and, second, on things that remain stable as they circulate. This paper instead argues that ‘follow the thing’ research needs to also attend to flows ‘down’ the value chain, from developed to less developed worlds, and to things that are either coming apart or being disassembled. The case presented here is end-of-life ships, sent to be broken in less developed countries, as most are, in this case in Bangladesh. It looks at how the arts of transience re-work materials from rubbish value ships into new forms and objects in the household furnishing sector, which are then appropriated by Bangladeshi middle class consumers. Far from being a minor feature this is shown to be empirically a significant component of the Bangladeshi economy. Theoretically the paper challenges many habitual assumptions about global flows of commodities and urges ‘follow the thing’ research to rethink the thing. Paying attention to the back-end of the value chain shows that things are but temporary configurations of material. At best partially stable, things are argued to be endlessly being assembled, always becoming something else somewhere else.     

牧户对退牧还草工程的行为响应及其影响因素研究——以高寒牧区玛曲县为例

 以高寒牧区玛曲县为例,应用最优尺度回归模型对当地牧民在退牧还草工程影响下的行为响应及其影响因素进行定量分析,以研究牧民在进行行为选择时的规律性因素。研究表明,牧户的受教育程度、家庭收入水平、牧户从政府保护草原的政策中的获益程度和草地退化认知程度对牧户参与退牧还草工程的响应程度有显著正向影响,而户主的年龄、家庭规模和草场面积有显著负向影响。为了使退牧还草工程变成牧户的自觉行动并长期坚持下去,应把牧户的经济发展与退牧还草工程紧密相连,只有着眼于牧民畜牧生产观念的转变,牧户的经济有很大发展,退牧还草的持续性才能保证。     

带交叉钢筋T形截面短柱抗震性能试验研究

在提出带暗柱异形柱基础上,进一步提出钢筋混凝土带交叉钢筋异形桩这一设计方法。通过3根T形截面短柱抗震性能的试验研究,分析比较了普通T形短柱、带暗柱T形短柱和带交叉钢筋T形短柱的屈服荷载、极限荷载、屈服位移、弹塑性位移、刚度、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力等性能。试验表明加配交叉钢筋可明显提高T形截面短柱的抗震性能。     

带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙结构是一种新型的中高层住宅结构体系,已有较多的工程应用,但是短肢剪力墙的抗震性能较差,如何提高短肢剪力墙的抗震性能是目前工程界十分关注的问题。本文提出了带暗支撑短肢剪力墙,并以典型的双肢短肢剪力墙为例,选择了4个1/3缩尺的双肢短肢剪力墙试验模型,2个为普通双肢短肢剪力墙模型,2个为带暗支撑双肢剪力墙模型,进行了对比性的抗震性能试验研究,较系统地分析了带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙的承载力、刚度、延性、耗能能力及破坏特征,建立了承载力计算模型,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。试验表明,带暗支撑双肢短肢剪力墙的抗震能力比普通双肢短肢剪力墙显著提高。     

路基土动荷载下力学行为研究进展

从试验研究、模型和本构关系研究两大部分入手,介绍了路基土在动荷载作用下的塑性及回弹行为、安定行为与临界应力水准及其判别、应变速率、固结沉降与固结度、动力本构模型、孔压模型、应变软化、应交硬化等基本特征,对比分析了国内外对路基土动荷载下力学行为研究的最新进展,总结了当前路基土研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了今后研究的发展趋势.     

基于蚁群行为仿真的影像分割

提出以像元的灰度值、能量值和分形维作为信息素的蚁群行为仿真的图像分割原理和方法。由该方法对3幅航空影像进行图像分割试验,得到图像的粗分割。利用本文提出的精处理方法,得到图像分割的最终结果。采用标记点量测的方法,对分割图像作出质量评价,结果表明,该方法很有应用前景。     

钢结构建筑轻质砂加气混凝土墙体的抗震性能试验研究

本文介绍了一钢结构建筑轻质砂加气混凝土外墙板和砌块填充墙的足尺模型振动台试验，并通过试验结果分析，重点研究砌块填充墙的抗震性能、砌块墙体与墙板墙体抗震性能的对比以及两者对钢结构动力特性的影响对比。文中得出了与带墙体钢结构抗震设计有关的结论。     

Relation of deformation behavior with precipitation and groundwater of the Babaoshan fault in Beijing

Introduction The surface of the Earth is the main location where the fluid strongly interacts with solid, and where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere strongly interact. Obviously, fault zones as the channels of fluid (water) flow are the focus area of this strong interaction. Earth-quakes, as the products of tectonic activity, occurred near or on the fault zones, can be regarded as one of the results of this strong interaction. Bolt (1999) pointed out that if there were …     

Nonlinear identification of the soil response at Dahan downhole array site during the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake

Records of the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake, provided by the Dahan downhole array were analyzed, and nonlinear hysteretic stress–strain relations in the soil layers were estimated by the method previously used for studying the response of soils during the 1995 Kobe and the 2000 Tottori earthquakes. The obtained models of the soil behavior were applied for evaluating changes of the shear moduli in the soil layers and for the nonlinear identification of the soil behavior at Dahan site during the Chi–Chi earthquake. We found that reduction of the shear moduli in the soil layers did not exceed 5%, and the soil response was virtually linear. The content of the nonlinear components in the soil response was about 5% of the intensity of the response, and it was mostly due to the odd-order nonlinearities. A similarity in the stress–strain relations describing the behavior of soils during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the 2000 Tottori earthquake, and the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake was found, which indicates the possibility to describe the behavior of similar types of soils at different sites by similar stress–strain relations and predict soil behavior in future earthquakes.     

关于大陆地壳消亡与再生循环过程的新认识——大别山新的区域地质资料和榴辉岩专题研究成果提出的启示

越来越多的区域地质资料显示，大别山UHP榴辉岩相变质的大陆岩石以及在片麻岩中发现的含有柯石英包裹体的锆石和含有绿辉石包裹体的石榴子石等重矿物可能却是一个已经熔融了的榴辉岩相大陆岩片遗留下来的残留体，它们被包裹在由变形、变质深成侵入体构成的正片麻岩之中。这些深成侵入体底辟在扬子陆块北缘新元古代低一中级变质的火山一沉积地层之下。依据上述区域地质事实，本文认为，大别山含有榴辉岩残留体的高级片麻岩不是一个“UHP变质地体”或“含有榴辉岩外来构造块体的混杂岩”，其原岩应该是一套由榴辉岩化大陆岩片熔融形成的深成岩浆底辟体。由此本文提出一个新的理论假说和构造模型，即深俯冲到地幔软流圈之中的大陆边缘在不同的深度发生了相应的HP-UHP榴辉岩相变质作用，随着与俯冲洋壳的断离，其在浮力的作用下快速底垫在仰；中大陆边缘之下并发生部分熔融，熔融体底辟并置换了造山带原有的根，后经过同结晶过程的变形和变质作用形成一套含有榴辉岩相残留体的，高级片麻岩本文称之为再生地壳。