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91.
92.
Brad Coombes 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):60-72
Conservation practitioners have scrutinized the credibility and effectiveness of community-based natural resource management, noting its romantic misconceptions about communities and their capacities. Early approaches failed to acknowledge the heterogeneity of collective agents, the synergy between decentralization and neoliberalism, or the need to affirm rural peoples’ entitlements to resources. A Maori community’s attempt to restore Lake Whakaki on New Zealand’s east coast confirms many of these critiques. The restoration confronts institutional ambivalence, obstructive forces from beyond the zone of Maori influence and non-correspondence between community and catchment dynamics. Fulfilment of the project requires exogenous resources and authority, but state conservation agencies are ambivalent towards local demands for self-determined development. Nonetheless, an uncommon degree of agency which is grounded within community aspirations for sovereignty suggests that the motivational characteristics of community retain their importance in debates about integrated conservation and development. 相似文献
93.
Conservation and community in the new South Africa: A case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brian H. King 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):207-219
The idealization of natural landscapes and peoples during colonialism, coupled with the popularity of sustainable development in the postcolonial era, has contributed to the expansion of conservation planning throughout the African continent. Concerns surrounding the promotion of national and international conservation agendas at the expense of local livelihood needs have generated interest in community conservation projects that attempt to include local participation and knowledge in natural resource management. The early excitement associated with community conservation has waned in light of recent assessments that it has been unsuccessful in meeting its ecological and social goals. This parallels other research that suggests communities are understood in generic or homogenous ways that influence how these initiatives are understood. Using a case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve, this paper evaluates how rural households access environmental and economic resources to produce livelihoods, and how these access patterns impact their views of the project. It is argued that there are significant livelihood variations within the community that shape the ways households engage with, and benefit from, conservation planning. Rather than strictly viewing Mahushe Shongwe as a constraint to environmental resource access or site for limited employment, community members identify a number of benefits from its existence including education and development opportunities. Additionally, transformations in governance systems in the region impact community views of the project since younger residents are less likely to engage with the Matsamo Tribal Authority, which participates in managing the reserve. The consequence is that conservation has various impacts and meanings within a specific community that remain tied to the livelihood and governance systems being renegotiated in the post-apartheid era. 相似文献
94.
95.
Jonathan Reynolds 《GeoJournal》1998,45(4):245-254
The internationalising activities of retailers have tended to precede the theoretical contributions of academics. This is
particularly the case for the cultural context within which retail internationalisation takes place. Following an examination
of the growth of international retailing activity, the article reviews generic difficulties in studying inter-cultural differences
before considering the specific steps which retail practitioners have taken to understand the comparative characteristics
of retail and consumer markets through the growth of geodemographic and lifestyle analysis. Finally, we relate one of the
most significant integrative intercultural theoretical instruments to the case of retail internationalisation within Western
Europe. We find that significant insights into retailer behaviour and strategy can be gained from an understanding of the
culturally-specific characteristics of the activity.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
96.
江苏下扬子区中—古生界的成藏条件及勘探思路 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
江苏下扬子区的海相中-古生界构造演化经历了前扬子板块、稳定地台和西太平洋活动陆缘等三大阶段。油气地质条件具有多套烃源岩、两类主要储层、四套区域盖层、多种成藏类型和多期成烃等特征。原始生烃量以下古生界为主,下寒武统和下志留统的生烃量约占总生烃量的60% ̄80%。该领域的勘探应本着“整体评价、区域展开、重点突破”的原则,做到“六个结合”和“五个转变”,加快勘探节奏,重在发现,坚持以下古生界为主,大中型 相似文献
97.
旅游地品牌特征塑造初探--以香格里拉旅游品牌为例 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
香格里拉是一个公共品牌,是系列旅游产品的组合,香格里拉品牌具有鲜明的特征,其特征通过品牌的个性和定位体现,品牌的个性是通过文化性和奇特性表现,信念性是品牌的定位,具体分析了香格里拉品牌的资源本体的脆弱性,旅游产品开发层次较低,品牌崇信度不确定性和品牌定位不准等问题,最后对香格里拉品牌特征的塑造,提出了建议;树立品牌意识,加强品牌管理;加强品牌定位-突出个性,构筑品牌的保护圈,实现品牌特征的接触点。 相似文献
98.
Recent studies have identified poverty reduction near parks and protected areas, findings that challenge an extensive literature on the social burdens associated with protected areas. These studies move the discussion on the social dynamics of conservation forward, however, they do not offer insight into the underlying mechanisms that shape household-level outcomes such as income and wealth. By focusing on protected areas as centers of uncertainty, upheaval, and disturbance, this study examines the character and incidence of livelihood diversification within communities near Tarangire National Park in northern Tanzania compared to communities far from the park. Livelihood diversification is well understood as a coping and/or risk mitigation strategy pursued in response to various types of shocks, and uncertainty more generally. This study draws on mixed methodologies to construct multivariate statistical models to estimate the effect of proximity to the park on measures of livelihood diversification. The results indicate that proximity to park is strongly correlated with livelihood diversification, suggesting that households near the park are adapting to opportunities and constraints and may be seeking to reduce variance in income and wealth in response to disturbances and uncertainty associated with the park. 相似文献
99.
成人英语学习动机行为调查与教学对策研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
陈金中 《成都信息工程学院学报》2004,19(2):292-296
动机是激励人们行动的心理动因.英语学习动机是推动英语学习的内部动因,成人英语学习动机是复杂的.了解他们的英语学习动机特点有利于教师改进教学手段和策略,激发与培养其学习的主动性和积极性,发挥其学习潜能,从而提高英语学习的效果.运用定量研究的方法,在年轻干部学员中进行学习动机调查,分析了其学习动机的特点,并提出成人英语教学的对策. 相似文献
100.
《Marine Policy》2015
In the Mediterranean Sea, socio-economic drivers may accelerate the process of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) declarations. Despite the challenges, the EEZ declarations may provide important opportunities for leveraging change to national policy towards the development of large-scale conservation of marine ecosystems and biodiversity in this zone. Using the Mediterranean Sea as a case study, we aim to highlight a set of best practices that will maximize the potential for the development of large-scale marine conservation initiatives. These include a range of approaches, such as using surrogates to fill the many biodiversity data gaps in the region, further the development of consistent and open access databases, and the utilization of technological developments to improve monitoring, research and surveillance of less accessible and under-explored marine areas. The integration of Mediterranean-wide and local conservation efforts, the facilitation of transboundary collaboration, and the establishment of regional funds for conservation will further enhance opportunities for marine conservation in this region. 相似文献