开发地震技术在扶余油层分支水平井地质设计中的应用

大庆外围东部油田开发的目的层主要为葡萄花油层和扶余油层,其中扶余油层因储层发育差,具有低孔、低渗、低丰度的特点,其未动用储量的有效开发一直是困扰油田开发的难题之一。要应用开发地震技术,结合钻井、测井、试油、沉积相等资料,通过细致描绘肇州油田芳483区块扶余油层的构造特征,预测扶余油层内部单砂体的分布形态、厚度和展布范围,为扶余油层分支水平井设计提供地质依据,同时也为有效开发扶余油层探索了新的思路。     

地震预警技术研究中的参考文献

针对潜在破坏性大地震的早期预警系统已在几个发达国家或地区运行多年,并已积累了很多成功的经验。本文收集整理了国内外有关地震预警系统研究的参考文献,以供相关领域研究者参考之用。     

1996年顺义地震的背景及其含义

针对１９９６年１２月１６日北京顺义４级地震发生的地震活动背景及其主要地震学前兆进行了研究。从地震预报角度,对北京地区中等有感地震发生前后的城地对策做了探讨。     

Is there a first-order discontinuity in the lowermost mantle?

In 1983, Lay and Helmberger [Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 75 (1983) 799–837] reported the detection of a precursor to the seismic phase ScS. They attributed this precursor to a sharp seismic discontinuity located several hundred kilometers above the core–mantle boundary. Such a lowermost mantle discontinuity implies the existence of a sharp phase change or a chemical boundary. Precursors to ScS and, less frequently, PcP have since been observed in numerous locations, but are not a global phenomenon. Frequently, PcP precursors are weak or absent when ScS precursors are observed in the same location, and vice versa. There can be significant variations in the amplitude and arrival time of the precursor relative to the main phase. The presence or absence of these precursors has led to speculations about the nature of the lowermost mantle. Here we demonstrate that ScS or PcP precursors may be produced by gradients in seismic wave speed associated with large-scale lowermost mantle heterogeneity. Rather than a phase or chemical boundary with substantial topography, such gradients require lateral variations in temperature and, close to the core–mantle boundary, composition.     

Source study and tectonic implications of the 1995 Ventimiglia (border of Italy and France) earthquake (ML=4.7)

We analyse the source process and the aftershock distribution of the April 21, 1995, Ventimiglia, M_L=4.7 earthquake using the records of permanent high dynamic broad-band seismic stations and a temporary network deployed on land and at sea few hours after the earthquake. This event occurred on the western Mediterranean coast, near the border between Italy and France, at a depth of 9 km, at a point where Alpine tectonic units and Late Oligocene extensional structure overlap and are currently undergoing compressional stress. The focal solutions of the mainshock and three aftershocks depict a dominant reverse faulting with an important strike-slip component, which underlines two nodal planes: a NW–SE-dipping north fault and a NE–SW-dipping south fault. We operate a careful re-location of the aftershocks using a master-event technique and data from the temporal network and obtain a predominant NW–SE alignment. Then, we analyse the rupture process using an empirical Green function approach. We find that the mainshock broke a 0.5 to 1 km fault length and that the rupture propagated during 0.1–0.2 s probably in a SE direction. Those two arguments, together with the recent fault trace that exists close to the epicentre, leads us to propose that this event expresses the reactivation of an old transverse NW–SE structure with a dextral movement. This study thus emphasizes the role of inherited, deep-rooted, transcurrent features in the tectonic reactivation of this passive margin. It also underlines the importance of combining short-period and broad-band seismology to better resolve and understand regional tectonic processes in areas of moderate seismic activity and complex geology.     

用数字地震资料探测上地幔深部间断面的研究

对利用数字地震波形资料探测上地幔深部间断面的研究进行了综述,并特别对利用宽频带资料的研究结果进行了介绍。在对80年代以来的研究状况进行概述的基础上,对目前存在的困难进行了分析。     

国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会亚洲区域大会学术研讨会概述

国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会（ＩＡＳＰＥＩ）亚洲区域大会于１９９６年８月１～３日在中国唐山市举行。来自亚洲和南太平洋地区共２９个国家的代表出席了这次会议。大会收到来自４０个国家和地区的论文摘要２８４篇，其中大会宣读的为１５９篇，展示的７６篇。论文的内容涉及当今地震学与地球内部物理学的各个领域，包括地震前兆和地震预报、震源物理、强地面运动和地震危险性评价、地震波传播与层析成像、地热和火山，亚洲和南太平洋地区近期灾害性地震、地震构造与空间大地测量、板块俯冲过程、诱发地震以及地震的社会影响，等等。