受压煤岩破裂过程电磁辐射与能量转化规律研究

首先对煤岩单轴受压变形破裂过程产生的电磁辐射（EME）、声发射（AE）信号变化规律进行了试验研究,然后在试验测定结果的基础上分析研究了煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射与加载变形能量之间的转换关系。研究结果表明,EME值随着加载时间的增加而增强,声发射信号也呈现同样的规律;电磁辐射的幅值、脉冲数在煤岩主破裂前与应力基本成正相关的关系,出现峰值后降低,试验的各个样品均呈现此变化规律;电磁辐射能和机械能的转化曲线与煤岩单轴加载过程的应力-应变关系曲线是相对应的,且呈现三次多项式的关系。从能量转换的角度来研究煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射与应力之间的关系是可行的。     

基于SEBS模型和Landsat 8数据的黑河下游蒸散发时空特性分析

对黑河下游地区蒸散发量的估算及其时空特性的研究,有助于进一步了解流域水循环,合理利用水资源,防止生态环境进一步恶化。利用SEBS模型估算了黑河下游额济纳绿洲2014年15天的日蒸散量,将SEBS估算的日蒸散与不同下垫面5个站点的EC实测值进行对比,其均方根误差和确定性系数分别为1.2 mm、0.85（5个站点）,0.5 mm、0.96（2个站点）,表明SEBS模型的结果是合理的,可以适用于黑河下游额济纳绿洲地区的地表蒸散量的估算。同时分析了黑河下游蒸散发的时空变化规律,结果表明,黑河下游额济纳绿洲地区,蒸散发在时间上存在明显的季节变化规律：夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季;空间上呈现明显的沿河分布的趋势。不同土地覆被类型蒸散发有相似的季节变化特征,但其季节变化幅度并不相同,规律为：水体 > 耕地 > 灌丛地 > 草地 > 裸土地 > 沙地。     

FRP约束混凝土柱抗震性能若干问题的探讨

基于实验研究和理论分析结果,对纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束混凝土柱抗震性能研究中存在的若干关键问题进行了探讨,包括FRP约束混凝土构件在往复荷载作用下的受力特点、破坏特征、荷载-位移关系、弯矩-曲率关系、耗能及延性变化规律等,最后重点探讨了FRP约束混凝土柱在往复荷载作用下的刚度特性。     

利用宽频带数字地震记录测定谱震级

谱震级是表征地震强弱的量度,是地震学研究中的一个重要的地震参数。在地震预测和工程地震研究中具有重要的实际意义。谱震级测定还可得到地震辐射的能量,再通过和标量地震矩的比较,可以估计地震震源处的视应力,而视应力也是震源物理研究中一个重要的物理量。考虑到我国地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台的宽频带波形资料进行谱震级的测定。选用CDSN昆明地震台(KMI)记录的近震宽频带波形资料,分析地震图垂直分量上的P波,采用 Duda等人提出的谱震级的测定方法,改进并提出了一种能够利用宽频带波形资料,直接用速度谱值测定地震谱震级的方法。所得谱震级结果与ISC给出的Ms震级对比后,发现相差不大;所得的能量结果与NEIC用远震体波测得的能量结果具有较好的一致性。用同样的方法,将来还可对不同地区更小的地震进行谱震级的测定,这无疑对地震学的进一步研究很有帮助。     

Estimation of hysteretic energy demand using concepts of modal pushover analysis

Hysteretic energy dissipation in a structure during an earthquake is the key factor, besides maximum displacement, related to the amount of damage in it. This energy demand can be accurately computed only through a nonlinear time‐history analysis of the structure subjected to a specific earthquake ground acceleration. However, for multi‐story structures, which are usually modeled as multi‐degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, this analysis becomes computation intensive and time consuming and is not suitable for adopting in seismic design guidelines. An alternative method of estimating hysteretic energy demand on MDOF systems is presented here. The proposed method uses multiple ‘generalized’ or ‘equivalent’ single degree of freedom (ESDOF) systems to estimate hysteretic energy demand on an MDOF system within the context of a ‘modal pushover analysis’. This is a modified version of a previous procedure using a single ESDOF system. Efficiency of the proposed procedure is tested by comparing energy demands based on this method with results from nonlinear dynamic analyses of MDOF systems, as well as estimates based on the previous method, for several ground motion scenarios. Three steel moment frame structures, of 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐story configurations, are selected for this comparison. Bias statistics that show the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented. In addition to being less demanding on the computation time and complexity, the proposed method is also suitable for adopting in design guidelines, as it can use response spectra for hysteretic energy demand estimation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西地区地震活动性的初步分析

依据震中迁移、频度变化曲线、能量释放曲线、震级频度关系和时间序列的预测方法等,对陕西地区的地震活动性进行了初步分析,认为:陕西地区M_L>3.5级的地震活动存在着明显的由北向南、自东向西的迁移特点,其地震活动水平比较正常,今后5年内可能发生M_L≥4.3级地震。     

Meanders caused by hyperconcentrated water flow: An example from the loess plateau,China

This paper describes meandering alluvial rivers with mean annual suspended-sediment concentrations of more than 100 kgm^?3 on the Loess Plateau, China, and explains their formation as caused by the effect of hyperconcentrated water flow. When the river is dominated by hyperconcentrated flow, the rate of energy expenditure required for sediment transport declines significantly. Accordingly, the river channel adjusts itself to a lower channel gradient by increasing the river length, resulting in a meandering channel. Since the stable transportation of sediment by hyperconcentrated flow is dependent on river channel boundary conditions, the latter play an important role in the formation of meanders of this kind. The paper also discusses the conditions for the discrimination of meandering and braided rivers in this area.     

噪声源的时空分布及其对噪声互相关函数的影响——以ChinArray二期数据为例

噪声源的空间分布和季节变化会对噪声互相关函数中的信号产生一定影响.本文选取了ChinArrry二期台阵南部的322个宽频带地震台,利用其2013年9月至2016年6月的垂直分量连续记录计算了台站间的互相关函数,进而通过背景噪声能量流的方法,分析了周期频段4~8 s,8~12 s和12~20 s的噪声能量随时间的演化规律.结果表明,在不同频段,背景噪声的强度及优势来源方向均具明显的季节变化,且不同周期频段的噪声能量变化规律有所差异.总体而言,噪声能量在北半球冬季较强,夏季较弱,与全球海洋活动的季节性变化一致,能量优势来源方向也与全球海浪波高分布相符.同时,在10~20 s频段范围内,噪声互相关函数中存在较强的异常信号.该信号在环形台阵路径上的到时呈现随方位角的规律变化,且冬季较强,夏季较弱.基于走时的分析表明,该信号是由大西洋北部的一个强噪声源激发产生的.在特定路径上,该信号可能对频散提取产生干扰.研究表明,噪声源分布的不均匀性以及季节变化会对噪声互相关函数中信号的细节形态产生影响,进而影响格林函数的收敛程度,相关精细化研究应对噪声源的特性予以关注.

     

基于遗传算法的粘滞阻尼器减震结构优化设计研究

以线性粘滞阻尼器加固剪切型规则框架结构为研究对象,基于能量原理提出阻尼系数正比于层间位移(α+1)次方的分配方式,在此基础上提出了一种基于遗传算法的粘滞阻尼器减震结构优化设计方法.使得中震下结构最大层间位移角小于允许值,以满足"中震不坏"的设计目标,同时令附加总阻尼系数最小,满足经济性要求.以12层规则框架为例,分别采...     

A climatic dataset of ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient based on real energy sources

Using data on wind stress, significant height of combined wind waves and swell, potential temperature, salinity and seawater velocity, as well as objectively-analyzed in situ temperature and salinity, we established a global ocean dataset of calculated wind- and tide-induced vertical turbulent mixing coefficients. We then examined energy conservation of ocean vertical mixing from the point of view of ocean wind energy inputs, gravitational potential energy change due to mixing (with and without artificially limiting themixing coefficient), and K-theory vertical turbulent parameterization schemes regardless of energy inputs. Our research showed that calculating the mixing coefficient with average data and artificial limiting the mixing coefficient can cause a remarkable lack of energy conservation, with energy losses of up to 90% and changes in the energy oscillation period. The data also show that wind can introduce a huge amount of energy into the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, and that tidesdo so in regions around underwater mountains. We argue that it is necessary to take wind and tidal energy inputs into account forlong-term ocean climate numerical simulations. We believe that using this ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient climatic dataset is a fast and efficient method to maintain the ocean energy balance in ocean modeling research.