地震水化学样品全分析数据统计处理中闭合效应的排除

在进行水化学样品全分析数据的统计处理中，应用原始数据和经过标准化处理后的数据，进行统计量计算时出现了不一致性。如本无相关关系的原始数据子成份，在经标准化处理后的数据子成份中却出现了负相关；原始数据和标准化数据的协方差阵相差甚远；因子分析图解中出现了曲面结构等。本文根据ＪｏｈｎＡｉｔｃｈｉｓｏｎ提出的对数比法，结合实例，对这一问题进行了探索，论证了对数比法在水化学资料处理中的可行性。     

波控弧形海湾近岸平衡剖面特征分析

应用Ｄｅａｎ，Ｂｏｄｇｅ和Ｌｅｅ近岸平衡剖面模式，对粤东靖海波控弧形海湾两条近岸剖面作了分析对比。结果显示拟合的Ｄｅａｎ模式与实际剖面偏差明显，由Ｂｏｄｇｅ模式计算的四度，北剖面小于南剖面，此与沿岸滩面坡度变化趋势一致，由ｔｅｅ模式拟合的结果导出的波周期与实测值相近。文中讨论了海岸反射性与剖面凹度、剖面变化截止水深与泥沙运动的关系。     

The Effect of Vegetation Density on Canopy Sub-Layer Turbulence

The canonical form of atmospheric flows near theland surface, in the absence of a canopy, resembles a rough-wallboundary layer. However, in the presence of an extensive and densecanopy, the flow within and just above the foliage behaves as aperturbed mixing layer. To date, no analogous formulation existsfor intermediate canopy densities. Using detailed laser Dopplervelocity measurements conducted in an open channel over a widerange of canopy densities, a phenomenological model that describesthe structure of turbulence within the canopy sublayer (CSL) isdeveloped. The model decomposes the space within the CSL intothree distinct zones: the deep zone in which the flow field isshown to be dominated by vortices connected with vonKármán vortex streets, butperiodically interrupted by strong sweep events whose features areinfluenced by canopy density. The second zone, which is near thecanopy top, is a superposition of attached eddies andKelvin–Helmholtz waves produced by inflectional instability in themean longitudinal velocity profile. Here, the relative importanceof the mixing layer and attached eddies are shown to vary withcanopy density through a coefficient . We show that therelative enhancement of turbulent diffusivity over its surface-layer value near the canopy top depends on the magnitude of. In the uppermost zone, the flow follows the classicalsurface-layer similarity theory. Finally, we demonstrate that thecombination of this newly proposed length scale and first-orderclosure models can accurately reproduce measured mean velocity andReynolds stresses for a wide range of roughness densities. Withrecent advancement in remote sensing of canopy morphology, thismodel offers a promising physically based approach to connect theland surface and the atmosphere without resorting to empiricalmomentum roughness lengths.     

Research Progress of Conodont （U-Th）/He Thermochronology

Given the lacking of effective geothermometer， it is difficult to reconstruct the complex thermal evolution history of marine carbonate rocks. It is considered that conodonts widely distributed in Paleozoic strata are suitable for the reconstruction of thermal history of carbonate strata. In this study， we mainly discussed the basic principle and experimental test method of conodont （U-Th）/He thermochronology， and the influencing factors of conodont （U-Th）/He ages. The thermal diffusion experiment reveals that the closure temperature of conodont （U-Th）/He is 60°~70°. Conodont samples have strong inverse relationship between effective uranium concentration and （U-Th）/He data. The main reasons for the open-system behavior in conodont （U-Th）/He are possible U loss during dissolution procedure using formic acid， the fluidity of U and Th elements during diagenesis， excessive initial He， and the non-uniform parent isotope distributions， etc. The higher CAI values the conodonts have， the more brittle the conodonts will become； the possibility of parent isotope loss will increase， and consistently they have older （U-Th）/He dates and substantially more scattered individual dates. Conodont tissue type also affects the parent isotope distribution and element migration of conodonts， and the change of its microstructure leads to the dispersion of conodont （U-Th）/He dates. Finally， we explored the existing problems and put forward the future hot research and development direction of conodont （U-Th）/He thermal dating system， so as to promote the deep development of relative theory and technology of conodont （U-Th）/He thermochronology.     

煤矿关停政策存在的主要问题

我国密集出台煤矿关停整合政策,形成政策阻力,难达预期效果：煤矿管理混乱,矛盾增加;政府自由裁量权大,滋生腐败;资源浪费、环境风险增加,成本提高,社会效益下降。煤矿关停整合政策还存在目标定位、合法性和方向性等问题,给我国矿业的健康可持续发展带来负面影响。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带美日切错组中酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素、岩石成因及其构造意义

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带是我国重要的斑岩铜金矿成矿带,成矿地质条件极为优越。多龙矿集区是班公湖-怒江缝合带西段典型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)超大型矿床,区内广泛分布着美日切错组喷溢相火山岩,但其岩石成因、源区属性、形成年代及地球化学动力学背景尚不明确。本文对美日切错组安山岩及流纹岩进行锆石U-Pb测年,获得结晶年龄分别为108.2±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.39)和109.3±2.2Ma(MSWD=1.70)。矿区安山岩及流纹岩具高硅(SiO2=60.89%~72.00%)、富钾(K2O=3.08%~5.53%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=6.88%~8.96%)、准铝质-过铝质(A/CNK=0.92~1.28)特征,属于高钾钙碱性及钾玄岩系列岩石。其明显均富集轻稀土(LREE)及大离子亲石元素(LILE:Th、U、K、Pb及Rb),亏损重稀土(HREE)及高场强元素(HFSE:Ta、Nb、Ti及Zr),稀土总量(ΣREE)为141.52×10-6~236.05×10-6之间,LaN/YbN为10.42~11.05,δEu为0.65~0.80,具有中等负铕异常,显示出典型岛弧岩浆岩的特征。(87 Sr/86 Sr)i值为0.7050~0.7053,(143 Nd/144 Nd)i为0.5124~0.5126,εNd(t)值为-1.51~1.29,具有高Sr低Nd的特征。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,流纹岩εHf(t)为+11.6~+15.5,平均值为+13.8,两阶段模式年龄平均值为288.0Ma;安山岩εHf(t)为+3.4~+8.0,平均值为+4.8,两阶段模式年龄平均值为813.1Ma;表现出明显的幔源特征。综合研究表明,美日切错组火山岩为班公湖-怒江新特斯洋洋壳向北的俯冲背景下,由俯冲板片脱水产生流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融形成原始玄武质岩浆,并在上升后,滞留在壳幔边界形成新生下地壳,新生下地壳与持续底侵幔源玄武质岩浆混合而部分熔融形成。其形成于典型岛弧的构造背景下,暗示班公湖-怒江洋在早白垩世晚期(108~109Ma)仍正在向北俯冲于羌塘地块之下,可能尚未关闭。     

福建龙岭岩体同位素年龄及其地质意义

本文采用Rb-Sr,K-Ar法测年手段,对龙岭岩体及该岩体中的包体、岩体周围的富闪深成岩体等进行了同位素年龄测定,讨论了它们之间的成岩时间及热事件干扰。认为浅色包体351Ma代表了龙岭岩体原始岩浆上侵发生的时间,主岩340Ma则为该岩体的定位,冷凝结晶时间。富闪深成岩的角闪石K-Ar年龄345Ma,说明这些岩石与龙岭岩体在成岩时间上十分接近。对暗色包体的测定结果,指出了在解释一些年龄数据时必须填重。