The chronology of dinosaur oospecies in south-western Europe: Refinements from the Maastrichtian succession of the eastern Pyrenees

The Late Cretaceous deposits of the continental Tremp Formation in the Vallcebre Syncline (South-eastern Pyrenees) provide an extensive egg record of dinosaurs. The parataxonomical study and analysis of multiple eggshell samples, the precise stratigraphical control of several sections and the time calibration of the abundant egg levels enable the establishment of a robust oospecies succession. The successive occurrence of three megaloolithid oospecies (Megaloolithus siruguei-Megaloolithus mamillare-Megaloolithus sp.) in the Early and Late Maastrichtian is well correlated with the magnetic polarity time scale throughout the chron 31. The replacement of Megaloolithus siruguei with Megaloolithus mamillare occurs around the reversal of chrons 31r-31n. A comparison with oospecies successions from Arc basin localities (France) allows the age calibration for such oospecies replacement to be confirmed. This age refinement implies that some of the stated boundaries for the proposed oospecies assemblages may change and that an in-depth revision of the age and magnetic calibration of some south European egg localities is required.     

拉萨地体南部早侏罗世岩浆岩的成因和构造意义

本文从拉萨地体南部原来被认为是前寒武纪变质基底的冈底斯岩群中厘定出了一套早侏罗世的岩浆岩.锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,这些岩浆岩侵位于202～ 180Ma.岩石类型包括辉长闪长岩、二长岩和花岗闪长岩,是一套中酸性、偏铝质钙碱性、Ⅰ型花岗岩类.微量元素表现出消减带富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,并具有岛弧花岗岩的亲缘性.锆石Hf同位素研究表明,加查地区中酸性岩石来自新生地壳物质的熔融,偏基性岩石来自于亏损地幔.而桑日地区的酸性岩石来自于古老地壳物质的重熔.本文认为包括研究区在内的南拉萨地体中的晚三叠世-早侏罗世岩浆岩为俯冲到南拉萨地体之下的松多洋壳断离或回卷,软流圈地幔上涌,地幔楔熔融并加热上覆地壳的产物.     

新疆西准噶尔库什库都克岩体地质时代、地球化学及岩石成因

新疆西准噶尔构造带分布着大量中酸性侵入体,其性质和侵位期次对于认识该构造带的演化及其成矿过程具有十分重要的意义。然而,由于部分岩体缺乏精确的同位素年代学和地球化学数据（如库什库都克岩体）,制约了对其成因类型的认识。本文通过对库什库都克岩体野外地质调查、LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 同位素测年及岩石地球化学分析,探讨其形成时代和成因类型。结果表明,该岩体出露面积仅约为3 km²,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,见少量花岗闪长斑岩。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 获得其形成时代为311.9±2.6 Ma(n = 20,MSWD = 0.05)。地球化学特征显示其具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。岩体主量元素具有相对富硅（SiO₂ = 65.78%～ 67.76%)、中等铝(Al₂O₃=15.66%～16.29%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=7.79%～8.04%)、贫钾(K₂O=3.48%～3.86%)的特征,FeO^T/MgO 值较低(3.77～4.36),A/CNK = 0.99～1.20,A/NK=1.43～1.48, 属高钾钙碱性准铝质- 弱过铝质岩石; 稀土配分曲线为右倾型, 负Eu 异常较明显(δEu = 0.57～0.72), 微量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba, 相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土Yb、Y,10⁴ Ga/Al值较低(2.21～2.56)等特征。这与区内如包古图、别鲁阿嘎希等钙碱性系列的小岩体在成岩时代、地球化学特征以及成因类型上具有相似性,表明它们可能具有相同的地球动力学背景,同为俯冲作用的产物。而与300 Ma左右形成于后 碰撞环境的庙尔沟、阿克巴斯陶等A₂型大岩基明显不同,暗示西准噶尔地区可能存在着性质不同的两期岩浆活动,这为区域晚古生代岩浆活动和构造演化等研究提供了资料。     

High-resolution chronology for the Mesoamerican urban center of Teotihuacan derived from Bayesian statistics of radiocarbon and archaeological data

A high-resolution ¹⁴C chronology for the Teopancazco archaeological site in the Teotihuacan urban center of Mesoamerica was generated by Bayesian analysis of 33 radiocarbon dates and detailed archaeological information related to occupation stratigraphy, pottery and archaeomagnetic dates. The calibrated intervals obtained using the Bayesian model are up to ca. 70% shorter than those obtained with individual calibrations. For some samples, this is a consequence of plateaus in the part of the calibration curve covered by the sample dates (2500 to 1450 ¹⁴C yr BP). Effects of outliers are explored by comparing the results from a Bayesian model that incorporates radiocarbon data for two outlier samples with the same model excluding them. The effect of outliers was more significant than expected. Inclusion of radiocarbon dates from two altered contexts, 500 ¹⁴C yr earlier than those for the first occupational phase, results in ages calculated by the model earlier than the archaeological records. The Bayesian chronology excluding these outliers separates the first two Teopancazco occupational phases and suggests that ending of the Xolalpan phase was around cal AD 550, 100 yr earlier than previously estimated and in accordance with previously reported archaeomagnetic dates from lime plasters for the same site.     

桂北沙子江铀矿床沥青铀矿原位微区年代学和元素分析:对铀成矿作用的启示

微区原位分析是地球科学研究的重要手段,但这些分析技术在华南热液铀矿床中的应用相对较少,限制了对铀矿床成矿机理的深入认识。沙子江铀矿床是华南著名的花岗岩型热液铀矿床。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)、激光电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)以及二次离子探针(SIMS)等微区原位分析技术,对沙子江铀矿床中的沥青铀矿开展了U-Pb同位素年代学及元素组成研究,确定了沥青铀矿的形成时代及成分特征,并探讨了蚀变作用对沥青铀矿成分及其表面年龄或化学年龄的影响。电子探针分析结果显示,该沥青铀矿以富铀和钙、极低含量的ThO_2和稀土元素为特征,揭示其为低温热液成因,成矿热液富含Ca。LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,沥青铀矿的稀土元素总量较低,其配分模式呈轻稀土富集型,具有明显的负Eu异常,与赋矿围岩豆乍山花岗岩的稀土元素组成相似,暗示其铀源可能与豆乍山岩体有密切的关系。蚀变和未蚀变沥青铀矿成分的对比研究显示,蚀变作用会导致硅元素大量进入沥青铀矿晶格,造成铀和铅的丢失,从而影响沥青铀矿的表观年龄或化学年龄,但沥青铀矿的稀土元素配分模式不会受到蚀变的影响。未蚀变沥青铀矿的SIMS微区原位分析获得的U-Pb年龄为101. 3±4. 5Ma,表明沙子江铀矿床存在100Ma左右的铀成矿事件。受岩石圈伸展控制形成的富CO流体与富铀花岗岩相互作用浸取出花岗岩中的铀,并在合适的构造部位沉淀形成了沙子江铀矿床。     

吉林龙岗第四纪火山活动分期

在约1700km^2的龙岗火山区内分布100多个玄武质岩浆爆破成因的火山渣锥和射气岩浆成因的低平火山口－龙湾，最新喷发距今约1500－1600年。本文在火山地质研究基础上，测定了龙岗第四纪火山活动形成的熔岩台地、火山渣锥、低平火山口、火山碎屑席等不同火山地质体的31个火山岩K－Ar年龄和2个岩化木与与泥炭层的^14C年龄，厘定了龙岗第四纪3期火山活动的时间：小椅山期（早更新世：2．15－0．75Ma）、龙岗期（中－晚更新世：0．68－0．05Ma）和金龙顶子期（全新世：1600－1500a.BP）。     

天津大直沽晚第四纪沉积物红外释光测年及环境变迁年代学

对天津大直沽ZH2钻孔晚第四纪沉积物岩芯12个样品的红外释光(IRSL)测年及沉积物记录的环境变化研究结果表明:1)细颗粒(4～11μm)多测片的红外释光(IRSL)技术对水悬浮沉积物的年龄测定有着巨大的潜力,渤海湾西岸全新世环境变化的IRSL年代可与¹⁴C年代相对比;2)大直沽ZH2孔所在地未见晚更新世海侵,并在距今约30 ka至约10 ka期间处于沉积间断状态,距今9.5 ka开始发生海侵,距今5.1 ka发生海退,距今4.4 ka海水已退出ZH2孔所在地,距今2 ka左右已有人类活动.     

Progression of deformation and sedimentation in the southernmost Andes

The chronology of thrust motion in the Fuegian thin-skinned fold-thrust belt was established using data from the Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego. A set of original structural–geological maps showing the distribution of structures, unconformities and synorogenic sequences in the last tip of the Andes reveals the cratonward propagation of thrusts and sedimentary depocenters. A succession of syntectonic angular and progressive unconformities occur in the studied zone: (1) an angular unconformity between Danian and Late Paleocene sequences, (2) a series of progressive and syntectonic angular unconformities developed from the Late Early Eocene to the Late Eocene, and (3) a Lower Miocene syntectonic unconformity. Additional evidence for the time–space location of the thrust-front is provided by the presence of seismically triggered sand intrusions in Late Cretaceous, Late Paleocene and Middle Miocene sequences.The integration of data shows that faulting occurred in three main episodes: San Vicente thrusting, ca. 61–55 Ma, Río Bueno thrusting, ca. 49–34, and Punta Gruesa strike-slip event, ca. 24–16 Ma. San Vicente thrusting represents the onset of thrust propagation onto the foreland craton. The thrust-front endured a major cratonward migration through the Río Bueno thrusting, and remained steady afterward. Punta Gruesa constitutes a strike-slip event, associated with the phase of wrench deformation that influences the southernmost Andes since the Oligocene. Although the overall pattern of faulting was progressively younger cratonward, several episodes of out-of-sequence thrusting and folding occurred.Other features in the southernmost Andes can be linked to these three deformation events to broadly characterize the behavior of the Fuegian orogenic wedge in terms of critical taper models. The Fuegian Andes underwent at least three cycles between subcritical, critical and supercritical stages of behavior in terms of deformation, erosion, and sedimentation.     

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of a Holocene beach ridge plain in Northern Jutland, Denmark

This study presents results from 20 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from one of the world's largest beach ridge plains, the Jerup beach ridge plain at the base of the Skagen Spit in the northernmost part of Jutland, Denmark. The OSL ages were obtained using quartz and a SAR protocol, and used to establish a chronology for the beach ridge plain and for the underlying coastal plain. The accuracy of the chronology is tested both by laboratory tests (recuperation, recycling ratio and dose recovery) and by comparison with independent age controls, e.g. previously reported radiocarbon dates, map sources, anecdotal evidence and settlement names. It is concluded that the OSL signals are internally consistent, and that the derived OSL ages are in good agreement with a large range of independent age controls. The ridge plain is shown to cover a time span from 1000 to 2700 years ago; this chronology is more detailed and precise than those previously available, and gives an average beach ridge formation rate of 15 yr/ridge and an average lateral migration rate of 2.0 m/yr. This study adds to the growing knowledge that OSL dating has a large potential for establishing detailed and precise chronologies in coastal marine sediments, including beach ridges.     

A note on reporting radiocarbon

Recommended reporting practice concerning ¹⁴C dates, relevant for Quaternary Geochronology, is given in this report.