永定河上游晚更新世晚期以来的堆积阶地年代测定

应用1 4 C测年法和热释光方法对采自永定河上游晚更新世晚期以来形成的堆积阶地样品进行了年代测定。研究结果表明 ,永定河上游三条一级支流的低阶地形成时代具有一定的同时性 ,第三级阶地的下切时间大约在 30 0 0 0aB .P .;第二级阶地的下切时间大约在 10 0 0 0aB .P .;第一级阶地的下切时间大约在 4 0 0 0aB .P .。气候变暖对第二级阶地形成起主导作用 ,构造作用对最新阶地形成有一定的影响     

Establishing a high-resolution surface sediment chronology with multiple dating methods – Testing 137Cs determination with Nurmijärvi clastic-biogenic varves

The uppermost 50 cm of sediments from the 23 m deep lacustrine basin of Nurmijärvi, a lake in south-central Finland, are composed of the clastic-biogenic type of varves. We use multiple dating methods to render a sediment chronology that is as precise and accurate as possible for future paleoenvironmental research on this high-fidelity sedimentary archive. The 250-year-long varve chronology contains a chronological error of ±2%, as estimated based on repeated varve counts. The varve-based chronology was verified with the vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs by comparing variations in the paleomagnetic relative declination of the surface sediments with instrumental observations and a calculated representation of declination features in Finland. A comparison of the sediment cesium content using two gamma counters, different sediment pretreatments, and normalization of the ¹³⁷Cs concentration with masses and accumulation rates of different sediment components revealed that the AD 1986 fallout peak from the Chernobyl accident is the dominant feature in the studied sediments, regardless of the sample pretreatment or normalizing procedure. The vertical distribution of the AD 1986 peak in sediments with clastic-biogenic varves is fairly narrow, thus providing an accurate age-depth marker for the recent deposits. However, the Nurmijärvi section also reveals a ca. 10-year-long period of catchment-to-basin ¹³⁷Cs mobilization and redeposition after the AD 1986 fallout, as well as significant downwards diffusion of the Chernobyl-derived cesium in the sediment. This study highlights the ways in which the quality of surface sediment chronology needs to be considered and secured prior to comparisons between paleoproxy records and instrumental observations.     

格尔木河流域河流地貌演化研究进展

位于柴达木盆地南缘的格尔木河发源于东昆仑山脉,末端注入盆地中东部的察尔汗盐湖,是该盐湖最主要的补给河流,极大地影响着该盐湖的成盐演化过程。格尔木河的主要支流—昆仑河和雪水河都是由冰川融水形成,因此该流域内的冰川进退对河流径流量变化和谷地填充地层的物源有着重要影响。该流域内主要的填充地层为昆仑河砾岩(河流相)、纳赤台沟组(冲洪积相)和三岔河组(河湖相)。在三岔河组之上,发育了4~5级阶地,除最高的T5之外,其它均为以三岔河组为基座的内叠阶地(少部分河段以昆仑河砾岩为基座)。根据前人的研究,昆仑河砾岩沉积的年代为1 269~1 042 ka(ESR年龄);纳赤台沟组堆积于482~642 ka之间(ESR和TL年龄);三岔河组形成于355~95 ka(ESR和U系年龄)、90~16 ka(OSL年龄),T5~T1阶地基本形成于16~4.6 ka之间。由于采用的测年方法不同,不同学者对三岔河组的形成时代存在争议,对阶地的划分也有所不同(4级或5级阶地)。但是,对T5~T1阶地形成时代有较一致的观点,即末次冰消期和全新世早中期。对于格尔木河河流地貌过程的驱动因素,目前尚存在争论,大部分学者认为是气候变化驱动了该区域河流地貌的形成,但也有学者认为构造活动是主导因素。     

吉林长白山天池火山岩年代-40Ar-39Ar

本文综合分析了长白山天池火山岩的类型及年代学研究结果,在此基础上对白头山期两期粗面岩进行了Ar-Ar年代学研究,确定了这两期火山活动的时代分别为123±7和123±10千年.文章还讨论了全新世天池火山喷发的环境意义及对东亚气候变化的影响.     

滇中楚雄盆地六苴铜矿床煌斑岩地球化学、年代学及其地质意义

云南六苴铜矿床是楚雄盆地砂岩型铜矿床的典型代表。矿区岩浆活动不明显,近年来通过深部钻孔和竖井工程,在矿床深部揭露出煌斑岩脉。通过岩相学、电子探针、ICP-MS、锆石U-Pb定年等分析,确定六苴铜矿床的煌斑岩属云煌岩,其成岩年龄为31~33Ma,于铜矿床的改造成矿期侵位。主量元素特征显示其属于钾质钙碱性煌斑岩;微量元素表现为大离子亲石元素Sr、Th和Rb等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti等亏损;稀土元素表现出轻稀土强烈富集的特点。锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.28230~0.28272,比较集中的Hf同位素组成ε_Hf（t）=-4~2。综合分析认为,六苴铜矿床的煌斑岩主要源自流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔,岩浆在快速上升过程中进一步熔融混染了少部分先存的地壳残片,为喜马拉雅期印度-欧亚板块碰撞挤压背景下,从挤压转换为拉张环境的产物。该煌斑岩与富厚铜矿体二者在空间、时间、构造-热液、产出状态、成矿流体及物质来源等方面均具有紧密联系,对铜矿体的改造富集起到重要作用,可作为预测富厚铜矿体的指示标志。煌斑岩脉内含有方铅矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物,暗示深部具铅锌成矿潜力。

     

西秦岭降扎地区金、铀矿床年代学对比研究

西秦岭降扎地区寒武、志留系中的金、铀矿床,是我国相当重要的碳硅泥岩型矿床。根据金矿床中岩石和矿石异常铅模式年龄、氩-氩同位素年龄和钾-氩同位素年龄等,获得了一批有益的年代学信息。金矿床的各种同位素年龄数据主要有2组:(1)242-186Ma;(2)137-47Ma.结合区域地质发展史、成矿热液脉与岩脉的穿切关系以及矿床产出的其它宏观特征等,确定金矿床的成矿时代为137-47Ma,与区域铀矿床形成的主要时代(117-55Ma)相比,二者成矿时间大体相同。     

A radiocarbon chronology for Sanamere Lagoon,Cape York Peninsula,using multiple organic fractions

The selection and pre-treatment of reliable organic fractions for radiocarbon age determination is fundamental to the development of accurate chronologies. Sampling from tropical lakes is particularly challenging given the adverse preservation conditions and diagenesis in these environments. Our research is the first to examine and quantify the differences between radiocarbon ages from different carbon fractions and pretreatment protocols from tropical lake sediments. Six different organic fractions (bulk organics, pollen concentrate, cellulose, stable polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC), macrocharcoal >250 μm and microcharcoal >63 μm) were compared at six different depths along a 1.72 m long core extracted from Sanamere Lagoon, Cape York Peninsula, northern Australia. Acid-base-acid (ABA), modified ABA (30% hydrogen peroxide + ABA), 2chlorOx (a novel cellulose pre-treatment method) and hydrogen pyrolysis (hypy) were used to pre-treat the organic fractions. The oldest date is ∼31,300 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP) and the youngest is ∼2800 cal yr BP, spanning ∼28,500 years. The smallest offset between the minimum and the maximum age for different fractions and across pretreatment methods at a given depth was found to be 832 years (between SPAC and pollen) and the largest ∼16,750 years (between pollen concentrate and SPAC). The SPAC fractions pre-treated with hypy yielded older ages compared to all other fractions in most cases, while bulk organics yielded consistently younger ages. The magnitude and consistency of the offsets and the physical and chemical properties of the tested organic fractions suggest that SPAC is the most reliable fraction to date in tropical lake sediments and that hypy successfully removes exogenous carbon contamination.     

广西大新地区辉绿岩地质地球化学、年代学特征及其意义

广西大新地区位于华南板块南华活动带右江褶皱系西大明山凸起,大新凹断束,那岭—俸屯褶断地垒的北端,辉绿岩脉沿断裂呈北西向零星分布。该区产有铀矿、铅锌矿等矿产资源。前人在进行矿床成因等研究时没有将辉绿岩脉与矿床的形成联系起来。通过研究辉绿岩的地质、地球化学和年代学特征,对二者的关系进行了探讨,取得如下认识:①该区辉绿岩分布受北西向断裂控制,并且遭受了后期变质作用和蚀变作用,使其主要由高岭石、蛇纹石、绿泥石等蚀变矿物组成,局部地段有铀矿化。②辉绿岩的SiO2含量变化较大,主要由后期硅化导致。Fe2O3,MgO,CaO及FeO与SiO2呈明显的负相关,碱质程度(Na2O+K2O)较贫,K2O/Na2O比值较大,为钙碱性系列。微量元素富集高场强元素Ta,Nb,Zr,Hf,及大离子亲石元素Rb,U,Th,Ba,而亏损Sr,构造环境判别为板内玄武岩(WPB)。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图呈右倾,稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土较重稀土富集,无明显Eu异常。③辉绿岩的锆石U-Pb年龄总体为90 Ma左右,形成于晚白垩世。④辉绿岩脉与该区矿产资源的形成有一定关系。     

双沟印支期花岗岩地球化学和地质年代学研究

双沟狗头坡花岗岩属高SiO2、K2O的过铝质A2型后造山(后碰撞)型花岗岩,形成于伸展构造背景下(地壳厚度<15km)。U-Pb锆石测年得到双沟岩体的年龄为235.4±1.4Ma。结合区域地质资料分析,双沟岩体的侵位时间和地球化学性质说明T2末期之前,金沙江-哀牢山洋盆业已闭合,碰撞造山期已经结束,研究区进入了造山带垮塌机制下后造山的伸展阶段。