Contemporary Refugee‐Border Dynamics and the Legacies of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference

While the geopolitical legacies of the World War I peace negotiations are widely recognized, this article examines the often overlooked connection between the WWI Paris Peace Conference's spatial and geopolitical logics and contemporary refugee‐border dynamics. We argue that the spatial and geopolitical logics that framed the WWI Paris Peace Conference—the creation of new states, the propagation of the Western ideal of bounded sovereign states, the nationalist goals of self‐determination and homogeneous ethnic nations, and the establishment of a system of international governance—continue to impact refugee‐border dynamics and “crises” today. The categories, ideals, and practices of the international refugee regime that emerged over the last one‐hundred years stem in great part from these logics. In this paper, we urge critical contemplation about how these foundations—including the establishment of the post of High Commissioner for Refugees in 1921, the resultant Nansen Passports, the post‐WWI minority treaties, and lastly the 1933 Convention Relating to the International Status of Refugees—connect to contemporary human (im)mobility and border violence. We also introduce the articles in this special issue and highlight key themes and future directions for research in critical migration studies.     

青藏高原西部、南部和东北部边界地区天然水的水化学性质及其成因

特殊的地理和人文环境致使青藏高原天然水拥有独特的水化学性质并保存着较完整的原生状态,但随着人类活动强度的持续增大,可能导致当地水环境及水化学性质发生改变。通过对青藏高原存在人类活动的西部、南部和东北部边界地区进行水样采集、分析与测定,并探讨了当地天然水水化学性质的区域差异及其成因规律。结果表明:青藏高原不同边界地区天然水的物理性质、水化学性质和成因均存在差异,这些差异主要是地理环境、地质条件等综合作用的结果;水样pH的平均值为7.75,总溶解固体(TDS)的均值为171 mg/L,总硬度(TH)的均值为168 mg/L,总体来看水质较好,大部分能够满足国家和世界卫生组织(WHO)生活饮用水卫生标准,适宜饮用;水样中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主要阳离子,HCO_3^-和SO_4^2-为主要的阴离子,主要由碳酸盐的风化和蒸发岩的溶解共同控制且碳酸盐岩风化的过程更为强烈;各边界地区天然水中的生物源物质均远低于国家和WHO标准,表明目前这些地区受人类活动的影响仍较小。     

Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of natural water in the border areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The special geography and human environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has created the unique hydrochemical characteristics of the region’s natural water,...     

铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩的懈体岩石学研究

铜陵地区中生代中酸性侵入岩中含有捕虏体、残余体和岩产乐包体三大类型，其中岩浆包体包堆积岩包体、堆积晶包体、混杂岩包体和冷凝边包体。各类石包体的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学特征均不相同，反映了它们成因上的差异。     

唐代西北边疆经略与农牧业开发

唐王朝针对西北边疆民族地区的实际情况,恩威并重,采取设置羁縻府州、绥纳内徙民族、移民屯田、和籴、互市、监牧养马等一系列经营措施,保持边疆的稳定和安宁,协调民族关系,西北地区的农牧业开发更为广阔和深入,形成继汉代以来的又一次农牧业开发高潮.唐朝西北边疆经略与农牧业开发的经验教训值得今天借鉴和利用.     

Relational places of ethnic Burman women migrants in the borderland town of Tachilek, Myanmar

This paper presents an investigation based on the testimonies of ethnic Bamar or Burman women migrant workers in the ethnically diverse 'borderland' town of Tachilek, Myanmar and interviews with their relatives in the home village in the central Burman heartlands. We examine how the concept of relational places, here involving a village in the central Mandalay Division and a town in the Myanmar–Thailand borderland, is related to differential power relations affecting the women migrants. We focus on the ways that gender identity and social position are limited by the relational places of community elders and the migrant women themselves, and suggest that the relational places of migrants in Myanmar are constructed through the nexus of varied forms of state control in both the central Burman heartlands and the multiethnic borderlands of the country.     

浙赣皖相邻区与德兴、铜陵矿集区燕山期花岗岩类岩石对比研究及其成矿

浙赣皖相邻区与铜陵、德兴地区岩石系列相似,主要为高钾钙碱性系列;在岩石类型上,浙赣皖相邻区较德兴和铜陵地区两个矿集区的岩体偏酸性,主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,德兴地区和铜陵地区的主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩。从浙赣皖相邻区→德兴地区→铜陵地区,岩体的里特曼指数逐渐增加,A/CNK逐渐减小,K/(K Na)逐渐减小。在岩石化学特征上,浙赣皖相邻区较德兴和铜陵矿集区的岩体富Si、K,贫Mg、Fe、Ca等暗色矿物组分及Ti、P等不相容元素组分,从浙赣皖相邻区→德兴地区→铜陵地区岩石明显地向贫Si、K富Mg、Fe方向演化。在岩石成因类型上,浙赣皖相邻区岩石主要为I型花岗岩,个别为S型花岗岩,德兴和铜陵两个矿集区岩石均为Ⅰ型花岗岩,无S型。痕量元素、同位素特征及岩石学特征表明浙赣皖相邻区的物质来源以壳源为主,而德兴地区及铜陵地区为壳幔混合型或有大量幔源物质的参与,其原因可能与3个地区不同的构造背景有关。综合上述对比研究,认为在浙赣皖相邻地区要找到铜陵式的Cu矿和德兴式Cu、Mo矿的可能性较小。     

Deformation Stages and Ar‐Ar Age Data of the Wan‐Zhe‐Gan Tectonic Zone,Southeast China,and Their Tectonic Significance

The major tectonic zone that passes through the border regions of the Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi Provinces in southeast China has been commonly referred to as the Wan-Zhe-Gan fault zone. Geologically, this zone consists of several regional fault belts of various ages and orientations. We have categorized the faults into four age groups based on field investigations. The Neoproterozoic faults are northeast striking. They start from the northeast Jiangxi Province and extend northeastward to Fuchuan in Anhui Province, the same location of the northeast Jiangxi-Fuchuan ophiolite belt. The faults probably acted? during the Neoproterozoic as a boundary fault zone of a plate or a block suture with mélange along the faults. The nearly east-west- or east-northeast-striking faults are of Silurian ages (40Ar/39Ar age 429 Ma). This group includes the Qimen-Shexian fault and the Jiangwang-Jiekou ductile shear belt. They represent a major tectonic boundary in the basement because the two sides of the fault have clear dissimilarities. The third group of faults is north-northeast striking, having formed since the early-middle Triassic with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 230–254 Ma. They form a fault belt starting from Yiyang in northern Jiangxi and connect with the Wucheng as well as the Ningguo-Jixi faults. This fault belt is a key fault-magmatic belt controlling the formation of Jurassic-Cretaceous red basins, ore distribution, magmatic activity, and mineralization. When it reactivated during the late Cretaceous, the belt behaved as a series of reverse faults from southeast to northwest and composed the fourth fault group. Therefore, classifying the Wan-Zhe-Gan fault zone into four fault groups will help in the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Jiangnan orogen since the Neoproterozoic era.     

一维畦灌施肥地表水流与溶质运移耦合模型——Ⅱ.模型验证

基于典型畦灌施肥试验观测结果及其模拟结果,对比分析利用混合数值解法和Roe有限体积法分别求解一维畦灌施肥地表水流与溶质运移过程控制方程在数值稳定性与收敛性、计算精度与效率上的差异,验证混合数值解法的计算性能与模拟效果.结果表明,混合数值解法比Roe有限体积法表现出更佳的数值稳定性和收敛性,产生的水平衡误差和平均相对误差...     

Compositional variations of Cretaceous pumpellyites along the western margin of South America and their relation to an extensional geodynamic setting

Abstract Pumpellyites in pervasively altered basic to intermediate rocks from three Cretaceous Andean volcanic sequences, the Colombian Diabasic Group, the Ecuadorian-Peruvian Celica Formation/Casma Group and the Chilean Ocoite Group, were studied to test their compositional behaviour in relation to changes in geodynamic setting. They occur mostly in assemblages of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies filling amygdules and inside plagioclase phenocrysts.
(a) Pumpellyites from the three geodynamic settings define three distinct compositional fields in AFM space: (i) those in the Diabasic Group plot closer to the Fe corner; (ii) those in the Ocoite Group plot closer to the Al corner; (iii) those in the Celica Formation/Casma group plot between, and partly overlapping, fields (i) and (ii).
(b) Pumpellyites in group (i) formed in T-MORB like, K-poor tholeiites (high Fe/Al), affected by ocean-floor metamorphism in an oceanic back-arc basin. Pumpellyites in group (ii) generated in K-rich, calc-alkaline (low Fe/Al) to shoshonitic metabasites affected by burial metamorphism in an ensialic, aborted, marginal basin with moderate attenuation of the continental crust. Pumpellyites in group (iii) formed in basic and intermediate, calc-alkaline to tholeiitic rocks, metamorphosed in ensialic marginal basins with various degrees of continental crust thinning, from splitting to moderate attenuation. A correlation between pumpellyite and host-rock composition is suggested by these characteristics.
(c) Pumpellyites in prehnite-pumpellyite facies assemblages of some of the units studied plot inside higher (and lower) grade reference fields (AFM space) corresponding to different geodynamic settings elsewhere. This anomaly is attributed to the changing characteristics of the marginal basins at the South American margin and emphasizes the need to compare equal facies referred to equal settings.