Adaptive capacity and its assessment

This paper reviews the concept of adaptive capacity and various approaches to assessing it, particularly with respect to climate variability and change. I find that adaptive capacity is a relatively under-researched topic within the sustainability science and global change communities, particularly since it is uniquely positioned to improve linkages between vulnerability and resilience research. I identify opportunities for advancing the measurement and characterization of adaptive capacity by combining insights from both vulnerability and resilience frameworks, and I suggest several assessment approaches for possible future development that draw from both frameworks and focus on analyzing the governance, institutions, and management that have helped foster adaptive capacity in light of recent climatic events.     

一株海洋牟勒氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）病毒的分离与初步鉴定

以海洋赤潮藻为材料,从宁波市象山港附近海域采取水样,经反冲超滤法对水样进行浓缩处理后,用其对培养的赤潮藻细胞进行感染,分离到了一株能裂解牟勒氏角毛藻的病毒,经反复的液体感染,建立了稳定的藻病毒-宿主藻系统,命名为牟勒氏角毛藻病毒。该病毒具有很强的感染力,稀释10^8倍以后仍然具有明显的感染效果。病毒纯化后,电镜观察显示...     

Bohaisea-9145海洋耶氏酵母碱性脂肪酶基因的克隆、异源表达和重组酶酶学性质

采用基因重组和分子生物学相关技术,对Yarrowia lipolytica Bohaisea-9145海洋低温碱性脂肪酶(Y.lipolytica Bohaisea-9145,LipYp)基因lipYp(1116bp)克隆并在Pichia pastoris中进行了异源真核表达研究。通过MD和MM平板及PCR扩增,筛选和鉴定了重组子。结果表明,阳性重组子经摇瓶发酵54h后上清液酶活力达到1956U/ml。发酵液经两步纯化得到在SDS-PAGE上显示为单一条带的重组脂肪酶。实验同时研究了不同反应温度、pH值对重组LipYp活力和稳定性的影响,结果显示重组LipYp最适反应温度和pH分别为35℃和8.5,在pH7.0-10.5之间以及45℃以下有较好稳定性。另外,重组脂肪酶对中长链对硝基苯基酯类和甘油三酯类(C10-C12)有较强的水解能力。     

An enhanced understanding of the Basinal Bowland shale in Lancashire (UK), through microtextural and mineralogical observations

Variability in the Lower Bowland shale microstructure is investigated here, for the first time, from the centimetre to the micrometre scale using optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM, SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Total Organic Carbon content (TOC) measurements. A significant range of microtextures, organic-matter particles and fracture styles was observed in rocks of the Lower Bowland shale, together with the underlying Pendleside Limestone and Worston Shale formations encountered the Preese Hall-1 Borehole, Lancashire, UK. Four micro-texture types were identified: unlaminated quartz-rich mudstone; interlaminated quartz- and pyrite-rich mudstone; laminated quartz and pyrite-rich mudstone; and weakly-interlaminated calcite-rich mudstone. Organic matter particles are classified into four types depending on their size, shape and location: multi-micrometre particles with and without macropores: micrometre-size particles in cement and between clay minerals; multi-micrometre layers; and organic matter in large pores. Fractures are categorized into carbonate-sealed fractures; bitumen-bearing fractures; resin-filled fractures; and empty fractures. We propose that during thermal maturation, horizontal bitumen-fractures were formed by overpressuring, stress relaxation, compaction and erosional offloading, whereas vertical bitumen-bearing, resin-filled and empty fractures may have been influenced by weak vertical joints generated during the previous period of veining. For the majority of samples, the high TOC (>2 wt%), low clay content (<20 wt%), high proportion of quartz (>50 wt%) and the presence of a multi-scale fracture network support the increasing interest in the Bowland Shale as a potentially exploitable oil and gas source. The microtextural observations made in this study highlight preliminary evidence of fluid passage or circulation in the Bowland Shale sequence during burial.     

矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS)技术在稀土稀有矿物鉴定中的应用

云南武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床是我国扬子地块西南缘具有代表性的元古代铁-铜-稀土矿床之一,矿床中除Fe、Cu外,还伴生REEs、Nb、Co、Mo、Au、U等元素。由于矿石矿物组成复杂,并且稀土、稀有矿物结晶粒度细小、嵌布特征复杂,使用传统的测试技术很难准确地识别鉴定,因此该矿床中稀土、稀有(铌)矿物的赋存状态研究一直较为薄弱。本文应用目前国际上矿物与地质行业先进的矿物自动分析系统——矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS),结合扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)显微结构原位分析技术,实现了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定,准确地测定了武定迤纳厂铁-铜-稀土矿床脉状矿石中矿物种类及其含量,在脉状矿石发现了含量可观的氟碳钙铈矿(0.82%)和少量的含铌金红石(0.02%)等稀土稀有矿物。研究表明,除了铁氧化物成矿阶段,在铜硫化物成矿阶段也伴随有稀土成矿作用,因此可将主矿化期划分为铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段(Ⅱ-1)和铜硫化物(-金)-稀土矿化阶段(Ⅱ-2)。研究成果为矿石中稀土、稀有金属等战略矿产资源的综合利用及矿床的进一步研究提供了可靠的数据,同时建立了一套先进、实用的岩石矿物鉴定技术,可望在地质、勘探、资源的有效利用等领域得到更广泛应用。