三江平原湿地时空演变探究

借助遥感、GIS技术,利用1975年MSS、2000年TM和2015年ETM数据,采用人工目视解译方法,辅助野外调查验证,得到三江平原湿地空间分布数据,进而研究1975年至2015年三江平原湿地的分布特征,并结合研究区气温和降水量数据对湿地变化的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:2000年以前,湿地减少的面积为8 426.81 km~2,其中沼泽草甸湿地减少最为明显,人工湿地增加了6 939.87 km~2。2000年以后,沼泽湿地变化依然剧烈,面积减少了2 794.24 km~2。自然湿地破碎化程度加剧,人工湿地面积增加,受人类活动影响较大。     

《周易》思维与现代大地构造学关系的初探

当代大地构造学已经认识到板块、地体、板片、推覆体,都是组成地球的物质通过漂、撞、隆、降、伸、缩、滑、旋等八种不同的运动形式所显示的活动特征。并铸成了地壳表面四类二级规模的构造地文单元:山地、谷地、台地、盆地。它们又分别都表现在地球上两类一级规模的构造地文单元—大陆和海洋之中。因此,大地构造学研究的地球,洋陆,“山谷台盆”,“漂撞隆降伸缩滑旋”可从《周易》的思维模式:“易有太极、是生两仪、两仪生四象、四象生八卦”受到更深的启迪,帮助地学家建立系统论、控制论和全息论的新的地球观。     

国外对LGM以来深海岩心与冰岩心若干研究进展

介绍了近十年来国外LGM阶段以来深海岩心和冰岩心研究的主要成果，评述了这些工作对过去全球环境演变研究的重要意义。     

Changes of δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O and δD along the Dousitu River,Inner Mongolia,China, and their evidence of river water evaporation

On the basis of the hydrogeology of the Dousitu River drainage basin, the changes of water flow rate, δ¹⁸O and δD along the Dousitu River are discussed according to measured and analytical results. Changes of flow rate along the Dousitu River agree well with groundwater level contours and the recharge and discharge of groundwater to the river. When compared with other types of water in the area, it is obvious that the ¹⁸O and D of river waters have experienced evaporation. The changes of δ¹⁸O and δD along the Dousitu River are mainly caused by combined effects of groundwater recharge and river water evaporation. The recharge of groundwater makes δ¹⁸O and δD of the river water decrease. Evaporation makes δ¹⁸O and δD of the river water increase. The evaporation fractions of the river water are calculated using the kinetic fractionation theory. Results showed as much as 10–30% of water was evaporated in different segments of Dousitu River.     

Does the Actual Drop in Dead Sea Level Reflect the Development of Water Sources Within its Drainage Basin?

As a part of Jordan’s efforts to quantify the effect of the Dead Sea level decline on the precious groundwater resources of the surrounding aquifers, the authors analyzed the historic or predevelopment inflows and outflows of the Dead Sea basin and the resulting water balance which included precipitation, evaporation, surface‐ and groundwaters. The predevelopment situation was taken as the point of departure for the sake of this study. Furthermore, the present situation was analyzed in an attempt to quantify the groundwater inflows into the Dead Sea as a result of drop in the Dead Sea level. The groundwater component and the corresponding saltwater/freshwater interface were taken as the variables to balance the levels of the sea that would have been reached without the contribution of the uncontrolled groundwater inflows as a result of the salt/freshwater interface seaward migration. The present day water balance that includes all the water diversion projects from all riparians indicates serious declines in the Dead Sea level. The effects of the present day level declines on the fresh groundwater/saltwater interface indicate that considerable amounts of groundwater are driven into the Sea as a result of the seaward migration of the freshwater/saline water interface.     

太湖鱼类区系变化和渔获物分析

20世纪80年代之前,太湖有鱼类107种、25科,属4个生态类型:洄游型、江湖洄游型、河流型和湖沼型.自2002年9月至2006年1月进行了太湖鱼类采集,共采得鱼类60种、18科.其中,除放流的鱼类外,都能在封闭的湖泊环境中完成生命周期(湖沼生态型);团头鲂、鲮、银鲫和尼罗罗非鱼属移植种类.团头鲂、鳙、鲢、草鱼和青鱼是从20世纪60年代起每年向湖中放流的鱼类;鳗鲡则是自1976年起放流从长江采捕的鳗苗.20世纪50年末至1985年,长江和太湖之间人为隔断,不能在静水中繁殖的鱼类在湖中消失,自然鱼类资源下降;加上过度捕捞和对繁殖群体缺少保护,导致鱼类群体小型化.最后,对太湖渔业资源的优化进行了讨论,并进一步提出对策.     

基于RS与GIS的城市变化专题正射影像图制作

通过年度遥感影像的叠加分析来量测和跟踪城市建设的发展变化,结合GIS技术提取中心城区各类用地变化信息数据,并制作城市变化专题正射影像图,为政府和有关部门科学地进行城市规划与建设、管理和监测提供基础资料和决策依据。     

西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区地下卤水组分区域分异特征

随着采卤活动的不断深入,西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区地下卤水的化学组分也逐渐产生了区域分异。根据化学组成随时间变化特征,矿区可划分为5个不同区域:西北孔隙卤水区、孔隙卤水和晶间卤水过渡区、降落漏斗核心区、降落漏斗周围区以及地表水影响区。研究表明,地表径流并未对矿区地下卤水产生明显影响,亦即现有的补水模式没有产生明显的作用。因此,有必要重新探讨补水模式,从而使得固体矿有效地向液体矿转变。     

《周易》乃地学之初

对<周易>的研究已有几千年的历史,人们一般认为,<周易>是西周时期形成的占筮算卦用书.本文认为,<周易>本为人类活动所遇到的种种自然现象对人类产生影响的汇编.它探讨天、地、雷、风、水、火、山和泽8个方面的特点及其相互关系,它们有的相互对立,有的相互依存,"刚柔相推,变在其中矣".同时,<周易>还探讨上述8个方面及其相互关系随时间的发展变化.<周易>对后来的重大水利工程有指导意义.因此,作者认为<周易>实系地学之初.     

洛阳市近50年气温变化特征

根据洛阳气温资料,利用曲线图分析了洛阳市近50年的气温变化特征和规律,得出了洛阳市近50年的气候由“冬冷夏热”逐渐向“冬暖夏凉”转变的结论。