基于实测值分段线性内插模型的InSAR视线向同震位错分解-以青藏高原昆仑山MemＳsub8.1地震为例x,auto,auto,415px);}stylehf=httprztl.com business week launch

利用现场GPS定位的实测值，在尝试过最小二乘拟合并取得初步成果的基础上，进而采用更符合破裂带形态的线性立方插值函数，在破裂带主断面上，建立起一种理论与实测相结合的InSAR视线向(LOS)变化量的分解方程，得到了InSAR视线向位移分解的具有唯一性的解析解. 本文的解析法吸纳了GPS定点实测值的精度优势，利用InSAR全天候、准实时获取连续形变场的技术特点，通过数学近似，最终获得了主破裂带上连续变化的水平位错及垂直位错同震形变曲线.      

Inversion of coseismic stress-triggered fault slips using borehole strainmeter observations

Coseismic stress-triggering is becoming a new hot spot of research. Coseismic strain steps recorded by borehole strainmeters are particularly valuable in studying coseismic stress-triggered fault slips. Based on the theory of dis location, one can invert the triggered fault slips with such data if he/she has a well understanding about the local faults. Genetic algorithm can be applied to significantly raise the efficiency of searching a best solution among all possibilities in this kind of inversion. A testifying check of the program and analyses of each parameter＇s influence may further enhance the reliability of inversion results. Taking complexity of geological structure into account, the inversion results should be regarded as the predominant property or a comprehensive effect of triggered local faults＇ activities. As an attempt, we inverted the assumingly active faults＇ slips triggered by the Ms=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake over Beijing area.     

The effect of mountainous topography on moisture exchange between the “surface” and the free atmosphere

Typical numerical weather and climate prediction models apply parameterizations to describe the subgrid-scale exchange of moisture, heat and momentum between the surface and the free atmosphere. To a large degree, the underlying assumptions are based on empirical knowledge obtained from measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer over flat and homogeneous topography. It is, however, still unclear what happens if the topography is complex and steep. Not only is the applicability of classical turbulence schemes questionable in principle over such terrain, but mountains additionally induce vertical fluxes on the meso-γ scale. Examples are thermally or mechanically driven valley winds, which are neither resolved nor parameterized by climate models but nevertheless contribute to vertical exchange. Attempts to quantify these processes and to evaluate their impact on climate simulations have so far been scarce. Here, results from a case study in the Riviera Valley in southern Switzerland are presented. In previous work, measurements from the MAP-Riviera field campaign have been used to evaluate and configure a high-resolution large-eddy simulation code (ARPS). This model is here applied with a horizontal grid spacing of 350 m to detect and quantify the relevant exchange processes between the valley atmosphere (i.e. the ground “surface” in a coarse model) and the free atmosphere aloft. As an example, vertical export of moisture is evaluated for three fair-weather summer days. The simulations show that moisture exchange with the free atmosphere is indeed no longer governed by turbulent motions alone. Other mechanisms become important, such as mass export due to topographic narrowing or the interaction of thermally driven cross-valley circulations. Under certain atmospheric conditions, these topographical-related mechanisms exceed the “classical” turbulent contributions a coarse model would see by several times. The study shows that conventional subgrid-scale parameterizations can indeed be far off from reality if applied over complex topography, and that large-eddy simulations could provide a helpful tool for their improvement.     

Conservation and community in the new South Africa: A case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve

The idealization of natural landscapes and peoples during colonialism, coupled with the popularity of sustainable development in the postcolonial era, has contributed to the expansion of conservation planning throughout the African continent. Concerns surrounding the promotion of national and international conservation agendas at the expense of local livelihood needs have generated interest in community conservation projects that attempt to include local participation and knowledge in natural resource management. The early excitement associated with community conservation has waned in light of recent assessments that it has been unsuccessful in meeting its ecological and social goals. This parallels other research that suggests communities are understood in generic or homogenous ways that influence how these initiatives are understood. Using a case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve, this paper evaluates how rural households access environmental and economic resources to produce livelihoods, and how these access patterns impact their views of the project. It is argued that there are significant livelihood variations within the community that shape the ways households engage with, and benefit from, conservation planning. Rather than strictly viewing Mahushe Shongwe as a constraint to environmental resource access or site for limited employment, community members identify a number of benefits from its existence including education and development opportunities. Additionally, transformations in governance systems in the region impact community views of the project since younger residents are less likely to engage with the Matsamo Tribal Authority, which participates in managing the reserve. The consequence is that conservation has various impacts and meanings within a specific community that remain tied to the livelihood and governance systems being renegotiated in the post-apartheid era.     

阿尔泰东南缘布尔根地区造山带型金矿床硫铅同位素特征及地质意义

阿尔泰东南缘布尔根地区造山带型金矿床受韧性剪切带控制,有两种矿化类型:一为石英脉型,另一种为糜棱岩型。糜棱岩型金矿硫化物的δ~(34)S 值变化于-10.009‰～-2.819‰,平均值为-5.29‰,石英脉型金矿硫化物的δ~(34)S 值变化于-0.062‰～-1.688‰,平均值为-1.0575‰。布尔根地区金矿床的金属硫化物样品具有较窄的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值,变化于17.71～18.35;相对较高的~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值为15.31～15.64和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值为37.13～38.07,铅同位素分析结果表明,该区金矿床成矿物质铅来源于地幔及下地壳。硫、铅同位素特征反映了布尔根地区金矿床成矿物质具有多来源特征。     

Isotope Method for Confined Groundwater Recharge of the Lower Reaches of the Heihe River, Inner Mongolia, China

Environmental isotopes have been applied to analyze confined groundwater recharge in the lower reaches of the Heihe River,Inner Mongolia.CFC is regarded as a tracer that determines the date of groundwater,the date being less than 45 a.The confined groundwater within the Gurinai area and Ejin Basin other than the surface water of Heihe River might have originated from precipitation from Qilian Mountain or/and the Tibetan Plateau.The deep confined groundwater overflows into an upper aquifer and emerges into the ground,forming springs and lakes within the low-lying area.The recharge volume is estimated to be around 400 million-cubic meters.     

Instability characteristics of the East Asian Monsoon recorded by high-resolution loess sections from the last interglacial (MIS5)

The selection of high-resolution loess sections is needed in order to determine the climatic variability of the East Asian Monsoon during the last interglacial. Two sequences of S1 on the eastern and west-ern sides of the Liupan Mountain were both composed of five paleosol layers and four loess layers,indicating that there were five strong summer monsoon events and four strong winter monsoon events in MIS5. This corresponds with other records of the East Asian Monsoon,along with NGRIP and the North Atlantic records,implying that the climate of the Northern Hemisphere was very instable during the last interglacial. Two layers of paleosols and one layer of loess had developed during MIS5a and MIS5c. Compared with MIS5e,the climate in MIS5a and MIS5c fluctuated more intensively on a millen-nial scale,whereas the climate was relatively stable in MIS5e.     

三维地震勘探激发参数选择与分析

文中介绍了山区进行三维地震勘探的重要性及其方法原理。以山西晋城煤业集团某勘探区为实例进行实地勘探和试验,并对试验结果进行了详细的分析,进一步验证了该方法的可行性。     

唐古拉山地区三叠纪层序地层分析及构造演化

三叠纪充填的一套碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩地层,被划分为两个超层序和5个层序单元。超层序Ⅰ以复理石建造为特征,是金沙江缝合带初始碰撞作用的产物,是唐古拉山地区三叠纪前陆盆地早期挠曲沉降构造活动的沉积响应,标志着晚三叠世诺利期前陆盆地业已形成;超层序Ⅱ以磨拉石与酸性火山岩建造为特征,是前陆盆地晚期冲断抬升构造演化的沉积响应,表明晚三叠世瑞替期来自造山带的沉积物开始越过前陆隆起向隆后盆地迁移。     

青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山上三叠统望湖岭组的建立及意义

在果干加年山的主脊及其以北识别出一套稳定的沉积岩系,角度不整合于蛇绿混杂岩之上,以细砂岩、硅质粉砂岩为主,其中夹有大小不等的古生代外来岩块,底砾岩成分因地而异并具有快速堆积的特点,底部夹有流纹岩。厚度大于1633m。流纹岩夹层获得的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb谐和年龄为214Ma±4Ma,时代为晚三叠世诺利期。在剖面测制和区域对比的基础上建立了上三叠统望湖岭组,代表龙木错-双湖缝合带闭合以后接受的最早的沉积盖层。望湖岭组之下的蛇绿混杂岩获得阳起石Ar-Ar年龄219.7Ma±6.5Ma。同位素定年确定构造转化事件发生在214～220Ma之间,为龙木错-双湖缝合带的闭合时间提供了确切的时间约束,望湖岭组是这一事件的沉积记录,是龙木错-双湖缝合带蛇绿混杂岩之上首次发现的沉积盖层。