青岛市崂山区海岛资源的持续利用

青岛市崂山区海岛及其周围海域资源丰富,有较大的开发潜力。首先对崂山区海岛的资源特点进行了分析,并指出了制约崂山区海岛经济发展的因素,在此基础上,提出了合理保护与利用崂山区的海岛资源的对策和建议,为崂山区充分利用海岛的自然资源和加速海岛经济与社会的可持续发展提供了科学依据。     

基于TM数据的广州市番禺区土地覆被格局分析

以覆盖番禺区1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年4个时相Landsat-TM影像为主要数据源,借助GIS手段和景观生态学方法生成土地覆被图。在数量化研究LUCC的基础上,借助景观格局指数反映番禺区4个时相土地覆被的变化机制,对土地覆被景观格局生态效应研究提供依据。研究表明:番禺区的土地利用结构在1990~1995年间处于开发调整时期,2000年后土地利用结构调整趋于成熟,土地覆被变化伴随着城市化的进程趋于平缓。研究时期内,番禺区的景观破碎度增加,土地利用结构的复杂程度也在增加,人为因素导致的土地覆被类型变化的影响逐渐替代自然作用下土地覆被类型情况。     

居住—就业平衡与城市通勤——以上海普陀区为例

居住—就业平衡一直是城市规划界关注的热点之一。国内外规划学界对于能否解决居住—就业平衡问题以及是否有必要解决有着争论。通过对上海市普陀区居民进行随机抽样调查,得出上海市普陀区居民的通勤物理距离、时间距离和费用距离都在加大以及居住—就业匹配失衡情况较严重等结论。这种失衡加剧的可能原因是级差地租、市场经济下的政策和高房价,同时在市场机制下人们的选择较为复杂,通过规划实现居住和就业的就地平衡较为困难。因此,现阶段的重点仍应放在大力发展公共交通、提高公共交通的吸引力上,同时减少高峰时段私家车和非必要公务用车的使用,中远期应探索更好的解决方案。     

RAGA和PPCE在崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害评价中的应用——以重庆市北碚区为例

基于RAGA的PPCE方法解决了多维空间数据到一维投影的过程.本论文以重庆市北碚区地质灾害数据为基础,用该方法对区域地质灾害评价和区划做初探,得出如下结论:危岩体主要分布在溪家河组和上沙溪庙组砂岩区.滑坡和泥石流主要分布在泥岩层分布区;嘉陵江回水区和侵蚀岸分布灾害体较堆积岸多.高危险等级地质灾害主要分布在嘉陵江沿岸有支流汇入地区;高等级地质灾害主要分布在嘉陵江侵蚀沿岸及峡口附近;向斜的轴部距河较远地区灾害等级较低.RAGE和PPCE方法运用到河谷地质灾害评价中,能准确反映地质灾害危险等级,为河谷地质灾害研究提供了新的思路和方法;用GIS方法从点数据到面的研究有一定创新.     

广东省韶关市曲江区地质灾害分区及防治

广东省韶关市曲江区主要的地质灾害包括崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、水土流失等.韶关市位于广东北部,地处南岭山脉南部,全境在大地构造上处于华夏活化陆台的湘粤褶皱带,整个地质条件复杂,成为地质灾害的常发区域.本文重点分析了韶关市曲江区地质灾害情况并进行分区,同时结合多方面的经验提出有效防治地质灾害的对策,旨在为保证人民生命财产安全、环境保护提供一定的理论基础.     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

西藏多龙超大型铜(金)矿集区成矿模式与找矿方向

本文通过对比研究,认为多龙矿集区内斑岩型、隐爆角砾岩筒型、浅成低温热液型矿床等三种共生矿床类型属同一岩浆-热液成矿系统的产物,空间上分别位于这一成矿系统低位域、低位域顶部及高位域,其空间相对位置可作为成矿系统内相关类型矿床的勘查找矿标志。基于深部岩体的识别和矿田构造格架的建立,完善了多龙矿集区深部岩浆在地壳浅部就位和成矿的过程,构建起多龙矿集区区域成矿模式。根据该成矿模式,多龙矿集区尕尔勤、地堡那木岗及矿集区南东部等地区是下一步开展矿产勘查的有利区块;矿体形成后可能被成矿后构造错断,这一认识可以作为寻找深部隐伏矿体的勘查依据。最后指出这一成矿模式对区域找矿方向的指示意义,认为区域找矿预测中应加强班公湖-怒江成矿带中生代古陆边缘岩浆弧型斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统剥蚀与保存机制的研究;用于识别深部岩体的非常规找矿新方法可应用于斑岩相关矿床的评价。     

本世纪以来台湾及邻近海域的强震活动特征

本文分析了台湾及其邻近海域M≥7级地震的时空演变特点，并对其进行了分区讨论，发现该区各活动时段的地震活动有集丛分布的特征，该区东部地区与下扬子地区，西部地区与闽东地区地震有一定的呼应关系，并对今后几年地震活动趋势作出了估计。     

Early Tertiary paleo-thermal effects in Northern England: reconciling results from apatite fission track analysis with geological evidence

The Paleozoic Lake District Block in northwest England has traditionally been thought of as tectonically stable since the Late Paleozoic, receiving only small thicknesses of Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic cover (although some workers have put forward different views). Apatite fission track analysis (AFTA) data from outcrop samples across the region reveal Early Tertiary paleotemperatures around 100 °C, requiring kilometre-scale Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic cover, removed during Tertiary uplift and erosion. With no evidence for elevated basal heat flow in NW England during the Early Tertiary, and no a priori justification for invoking it, earlier studies favoured an explanation involving burial by up to 3 km of overburden removed during Tertiary uplift and erosion. This conclusion was met with scepticism by many workers, and provoked a range of comments and criticisms, with a variety of alternative interpretations put forward, although these are also open to criticism. Results from the West Newton-1 hydrocarbon exploration well on the northern flank of the Lake District gave the first indication of a possibly more realistic interpretation, involving a combination of elevated heat flow and more restricted burial, but some aspects of the interpretation of these data were equivocal. More detailed sampling was therefore undertaken, in order to shed more light on the origin of the elevated Early Tertiary paleotemperatures observed across NW England. New AFTA data in outcrop samples from different elevations around Sca Fell (characterised by the highest elevations in the Lake District with the summit of Scafell Pike at 978 m asl) define an Early Tertiary paleogeothermal gradient of 61 °C/km, and require around 700 m of section removed from the summit during Tertiary uplift and erosion. These results, together with those from the West Newton-1 well, provide strong support for an interpretation involving Early Tertiary paleogeothermal gradients between 50% and 100% higher than present-day values, providing clear evidence of elevated basal heat flow during the Early Tertiary, contrary to earlier assumptions. Combined with amounts of section removed during Tertiary exhumation varying between 0.7 km (from mountain peaks) and 1.5–2 km (from coastal plains and glacial valleys near sea level) over the region, this interpretation finally provides a geologically plausible mechanism for the origin of the observed Early Tertiary paleo-thermal effects in NW England.     

Use of magnetic and radiometric measurements to investigate erosion and sedimentation in a British upland catchment

In response to the potential shortcomings of single-technique strategies in the investigation of erosion and sedimentation, a combined magnetic and radiometric (¹³Cs and ²¹⁰Pb) approach has been undertaken in the upland, watershed-lake system of Howden Reservoir, Derbyshire. By combining these techniques, some assessment of sediment sources and the erosion status of the catchment has been achieved. Alone, each approach would have been unable to determine unequivocally sediment provenance. Furthermore, the parallel use of these measurements has highlighted limitations and/or uncertainties in both the magnetic and ¹³⁷Cs techniques. These problems reflect the particular soil characteristics and drainage conditions of this upland catchment. Despite the documented severity of peat erosion in the region, Howden Reservoir has a mixture of sediment sources and a relatively moderate rate of sedimentation. Sediment yields (total 127·7 t km^?2 yr^?1 including organic fraction 31·3 t km^?2 yr^?1) are, however, higher than in other British upland areas.