顾及航向角变化的轨迹丢失点补全方法

移动载体及其用户的轨迹数据记录相关的行为特征和运动规律,具有重要的社会研究价值,也是轨迹数据挖掘、行为特征匹配等方面的研究重点。然而,在采用GPS获取轨迹数据的过程中会因为信号丢失或者干扰等影响造成轨迹数据的缺失。在路网未知的条件下,由于缺乏快速有效的轨迹修补算法,大多数缺失轨迹会被舍弃或者简单预估处理,严重影响轨迹信息提取的准确性和可用性。针对这一问题,根据轨迹丢失具体情况,确定轨迹丢失点和分类判断规则;以航向角动态变化作为标尺,提出一种丢失轨迹点插值拟合补全算法;最后,利用该算法对采集过程中几类缺失的轨迹数据分别进行实验分析。实验结果表明,在路网未知的条件下,该算法能够快速、准确地完成缺失轨迹点的补全工作,具有一定的实用价值。     

The unresolved controversy over nuclear power: A new approach from complexity theory

We explore the controversy over nuclear power by looking at the plurality of narratives that have emerged throughout its history. We find a lack of consistency between the visions of nuclear power put forward by governments and industry and the experience associated with economic viability, nuclear accidents, waste handling, and so on. We use the conceptual tool of holon from complexity theory to provide a link between the models used for the governance of nuclear power and the realization of those models. The analysis of the holon over time reveals a systemic inconsistency between the way in which the story about nuclear energy is told and the experience gained after implementing nuclear energy according to the story. This inconsistency is due to the incompatible levels of observation used by different social actors endorsing different perspectives. The implementation of nuclear power has been based on the engineering view, focusing on the functioning of the nuclear power plant considered in abstraction from the wider implications of the adoption of this technology on the environment, on the economy, and on society. We cross-check this narrative with the societal metabolism view in order to provide a long term perspective of the interdependencies between nuclear power and the complex socio-economic system in which it is embedded. We conclude that the controversy over nuclear power may be treated as a problem of contrasting beliefs and normative values in clear disjunction from experience. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that more attention should be given to the quality of the narratives used in policy making.     

淮北海孜煤矿采煤塌陷区煤矸石充填复垦条件分析

为了增加塌陷区耕地资源,有效地提高土地利用率,减少环境污染,本文通过对海孜煤矿塌陷区进行实地勘查,室内测试和实验,分析塌陷区煤矸石充填复垦条件。分析结果表明:塌陷区的地形地貌条件有利于土地复垦工程的实施,较高的地下水位可以为重构土壤提供充足的水分;塌陷区塌陷深度小,且绝大部分塌陷区已达到稳沉状态,有益于煤矸石充填复垦;大量的煤矸石为充填复垦提供了充足的物质基础,煤矸石中有害元素含量低,复垦后不会对地下水和土壤造成显著的污染,且煤矸石的块度组分有利于水分的保持和上移。     

松软煤系地层深孔绳索取心钻探实践

长春市高家窝棚—双泉眼矿区为松软煤系地层,采用绳索取心液动冲击回转钻进方法,选择加大钻孔孔壁与钻杆环状间隙的钻孔结构;经实验选择以粘土、共聚物、植物胶、铵盐、腐植酸钾、磺化沥青、聚丙烯酸钾等材料配制的冲洗液,并加强冲洗液的日常维护管理;配备离心式除泥机;套管丝扣连接处涂抹松香（粘结剂）,并用薄钢板焊接补强丝扣连接处,防止套管脱扣等技术措施,成功地完成了2个深孔的钻孔施工,终孔深度分别为1112.45 m（ZK6405孔）和1359.95 m（ZK3201孔）,岩心采取率达到100%,煤心样品没有燃烧破坏现象,较好地满足了地质的要求。     

不同温度条件下褐菖鲇幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率

利用静水密闭式呼吸仪,测定了不同温度（10、12、……、30℃）条件下褐菖鼬（Sebastiscus marmoratus）幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率变化．结果表明,温度对幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率均有显著影响（P〈0．05）．温度10～30℃,幼鱼耗氧率、排氨率变化范围分别为0．02～0．30mg／（g·h）和2．64～10．01ug／（g·h）,温度26、16℃时耗氧率和排氨率分别上升至峰值,分别为最小值10℃组的15．00、3．79倍;温度（F）对幼鱼耗氧率R0[mg／（g·h）]和排氨率RN[ug／（g·h）]的影响可分别用多项式表示：R0=-2．00×10^-5 T4＋1．50×10^-3 T3-3．69×10^-2 T2＋0．3978T-1．5376,R2=0．988和RN=3．00×10^-5 T6 -4．00×10^-3 T5＋0．1996 T4-5．1111T3＋70．817T2-501．10T＋1415．80,R2=0．964;幼鱼的氨熵变化范围为0．02～0．19,其蛋白质供能比变化范围为5．64％～56．65％,平均蛋白质供能比为22．56％;各温度跨度代谢率Q10值均值为4．02,18～28℃代谢率Q10值为2．81±0．09与鱼类平均Q10值较接近;各温度跨度组排泄率Q10均值为0．93,对比同一温度跨度组代谢率和排泄率Q10值,代谢率Q10值均大于排泄率Q10值两倍以上,最大组间相差达7倍．因此,幼鱼能量消耗的供能物质以脂肪和碳水化合物为主,蛋白质为辅．此外,温度变化对幼鱼代谢的影响程度明显大于对排泄的影响,且其适宜生长温度为18～28℃．     

对流参数主分量旋转法在西昌地区雷暴预报中的应用

为研究对流参数主分量旋转方案对西昌地区雷暴预报的影响,利用2006~2008年雨季(6~9月)T213模式输出产品,采用F-分值法和主分量旋转法,分别初选和精选因子,并结合二元Logistic回归分析,建立了西昌北郊某站的雷暴释用预报的模型,并对该站2010年雨季雷暴进行预报试验。试验结果表明:精选因子的KMO检验值在0.65~0.85,且Bartlett球形度检验显著,说明该站的雷暴对流参数适用于因子分析;极大方差旋转能够较好地分离因子载荷,对雷暴信息的提取能力较强;试报的TS评分在0.3左右,24小时预报的Hedike评分可达0.337,模型的预报准确率较高,持续性较好。综上所述,采用主分量旋转法对雷暴的MOS预报有一定的改善效果。     

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突发灾害监控与决策系统的设计与实现

现代社会,面对高危或人类无法到达的区域,如森林火场现场视查、地震灾情查看、城市等狭窄地段的高楼消防救灾、核辐射现场勘察检测等,基于无人机的无线通信系统,由于体积小和机动灵活,通过信息传感采集、视频现场捕捉,能安全、有效地获取现场灾情情况信息。然后数据通过中继传到后台,存入后台数据库。利用采集到的现场信息与Arc GIS Server发布的GIS相关服务,通过Arc GIS API for Flex对数据进行快速分析处理,使采集信息可视化,同时进行突发灾害模拟预测,准确定位事发地点,评价灾害影响范围,查找救援最短路径等。本文设计并实现了基于无人机突发灾害监控与决策系统,同时重点介绍系统的设计、组网的关键技术、视频压缩、基于GIS的数据处理与分析以及系统实现的功能。     

龙门县寒冷天气统计特征及其对人体舒适度的影响

根据龙门县1962—2012年逐日气象资料,采用线性回归、滑动平均、人体舒适度指数等方法,研究了龙门县寒冷天气统计特征及其对人体舒适度的影响。结果表明,近50年来龙门寒冷天气日数呈不显著减少趋势,减少速率每10年1.9 d,但近10年寒冷天气日数呈增加趋势。寒冷天气主要出现在12—2月,占全年的86.8%。寒冷天气可分阴冷寡照型、晴空辐射型、冷空气来袭型3种类型。部分橙色寒冷天气虽然早晚气温较低,人体感觉寒冷,但中午气温较高,人体感觉舒适;而黄色寒冷天气若为阴雨寡照型时,全天气温较低,人体感觉寒冷。     

Effectiveness and synergies of policy instruments for land use governance in tropical regions

Land use is regulated through various mixes of command-and-control interventions that directly affect land use via land use restrictions, and other public interventions that indirectly affect land use via agricultural, forestry, trade or macro-economic policies. More recently, coalitions of public and private actors have designed market-based and/or demand-led policy instruments to influence land use—e.g., eco-certification, geographical indications, commodity roundtables, moratoria, and payments for environmental services. These innovative instruments fall along a continuum of state involvement and interact with traditional public forms of land use regulation, leading to “hybrid” interventions. This article reviews emerging evidence on the effectiveness of the main instruments used to promote sustainable land use, and explores interactions between the new demand-led interventions and formal regulatory public policies. Although there are still insufficient rigorous studies evaluating the effectiveness of hybrid instruments, available evidence suggests some positive direct and indirect benefits. Hybrid instruments combine elements from both private and public regulatory systems, in innovative and effective ways. We propose a typology to characterize potential interactions between instruments that regulate land use. It links various types of interactions—i.e., complementarity, substitution, and antagonism—to the various stages of regulatory processes—i.e., agenda setting, implementation, and monitoring and enforcement. We give examples of governments endorsing certifications or using certification to support their own policies; governments creating enabling conditions for hybrid instruments to mature, allowing for wider adoption; and private instruments reinforcing public regulations or substituting for missing or weak governance. In some cases, governments, NGOs and corporations compete and may hinder each other's actions. With favourable institutional and governance contexts, well-designed hybrid public-private instruments can be effective. More systematic evaluation could boost the effectiveness of instruments and enhance synergistic interaction with traditional public land-use policy instruments to achieve incremental benefits as well as longer-term transformative outcomes in land-use protection.