西藏南羌塘鄂斯玛地区中侏罗统布曲组沉积特征及油气地质意义

通过沉积特征、沉积相及古地理分析,认为南羌塘鄂斯玛露头地区发育潮坪相、潟湖相、陆棚相沉积,江鱼玛洛覆盖区推测有障壁滩（或障壁岛）相沉积。根据沉积相的空间分布,研究区从北到南展布有隆起剥蚀区、潮坪相区、潟湖相区、障壁滩相区及陆棚-斜坡相区。根据以矿找矿思路,认为覆盖区的江鱼玛洛—额酥木玛障壁滩（或障壁岛）相区可能发育颗粒灰岩、白云岩储层。建议在江鱼玛洛—额酥木玛地区部署一口油气地质调查井,其有可能钻遇到含油白云岩或颗粒灰岩,并有可能实现油气资源的战略发现。     

从对地观测到对人观测——浅析社会地理计算

It is possible to obtain vast amounts of spatiotemporal data related to human activities to support the study of human behavior and social evolution.In this context,geography,with the human-nature relationship as its core,is undergoing a transition from strictly earth observations to the observation of human activities.Geocomputation for social science is one manifestation thereof.Geocomputation for social science is an interdisciplinary approach combining remote sensing techniques,social science,and big data computation.Driven by the availability of spatially and temporally expansive big data,geocomputation for social science uses spatiotemporal statistical analyses to detect and analyze the interactions between human behavior,the natural environment,and social activities;Remote sensing(RS)observations are used as primary data.Geocomputation for social science can be used to investigate major social issues and to assess the impact of major natural and societal events,and will surely be an area of focused development in geography in the near future.We briefly review the background of geocomputation in the social sciences,discuss its definition and disciplinary characteristics,and highlight the main research foci.Several key technologies and applications are also illustrated with relevant case studies of the Syrian Civil War,typhoon transits,and traffic patterns.     

Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Changes in Net Primary Productivity in Karst Areas of Southwest China: A Case Study of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County

Karst areas in southwest China have experienced significant land cover and land use change (LUCC) due to utilization for human activity and a comprehensive rocky desertification control project (RDCP) since 2008. It is important to quantify the effect of LUCC on ecosystem productivity in this region for assessing the overall benefit of this ecological restoration project. In this study, we used using MODIS land cover and NPP products to investigate the relative contribution of LUCC to the change in net primary productivity (NPP) during 2008-2013 in Huanjiang County, one of first one hundred pilot counties to implement RDCP. Our results show that NPP increased in 95.53% of the county, and the average growth of NPP in non-rocky desertification area was higher than in rocky desertification or potential rocky desertification areas. LUCC has an important contribution (25.23%) to the NPP increase in the county, especially in the LUCC area (70.97%), which increased the average NPP by 3.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Across the six RDCP regions in the county, the average increase in NPP for the vegetation restoration measure of governed karst area is significantly greater than in the ungoverned karst area, and the positive change in NPP increased with the increasing implementation area of the vegetation restoration measure.     

美国基础设施状况和重建计划

2018年2月发布的《美国重建基础设施立法纲要》是近年来美国在基础设施领域的重大改革之一,将对美国乃至世界基建投资、新技术普及、城乡发展产生深远影响。论文基于相关文献和资料,总结了美国基础设施落后的状况,从资金分配入手探讨了“重建计划”内在逻辑,并针对其可行性进行了分析,得出以下几点启示：有针对性、特定领域的基建投资仍是实现高质量发展的重要工具;地方政府与私营部门进入国家基建领域具有积极意义;基建计划的金融化、杠杆化不可避免,但需严防其过度;基建投资在短期上对低技术岗位有明显带动作用。     

过去千年中国不同区域干湿的多尺度变化特征评估

依据近年发表的新成果,对中国过去千年干湿的年至百年尺度变化特征进行了总结梳理与对比分析,综合评估了20世纪干湿变幅的历史地位。主要结论是：① 根据历史文献记载重建的东中部各区干湿序列在1400年以后均达高信度,但其前因存在记录缺失,仅有半数时段的重建结果达高信度。在东北及内蒙古东部,根据不同地点湖沼沉积物记录揭示的区域干湿百年尺度变化特征在多数时段不一致。在西部的黄土高原、河西走廊、新疆中北部、青藏高原东北部和东南部等地区,利用不同地点树轮资料重建的干湿序列显示的干湿变化特征在区内一致性高。② 过去千年中国各地干湿变化均存在显著的年际、年代际和百年尺度周期。其中准2.5 a、60~80 a和110~120 a等尺度的周期为所有地区共有;3.5~5.0 a、20~35 a等尺度周期则主要发生在东北、东中部地区、黄土高原和青藏高原;而准45 a周期则只发生在东北和东中部地区（均超过90%信度水平）;各区域间的干湿变化位相并不同步。③ 尽管已发现青藏高原东北部20世纪很可能是过去3000 a最湿的世纪之一,但其他大多数区域的重建结果显示：20世纪的干湿变幅在年代际尺度上均未超出其前各个时段的变率范围。     

南京市林地调查数据整合分析

第三次国土调查与自然资源专项调查成果的分析集成,是自然资源管理工作的重要基础。本文以南京市林地调查数据的整合为切入点,进行第三次国土调查与森林资源规划设计调查数据交叉分析、林地分类标准梳理及映射、空间冲突规则制定、林地调查数据整合流程探索,为构建自然资源调查“一张底图”提供借鉴。     

针对红沿河核电站冷源取水海冰堵塞风险的数值模拟预警设计初探

由于经验和技术缺失,我国冰区滨海核电站的冷源取水安全受到海冰的威胁。数值模拟预警是建立和完善核电冷源取水安全保障系的关键部分。本文以辽东湾东岸的红沿河核电站为例,介绍了 3 种主要的核电冷源安全海冰致险模式,给出了 不同致险模式的数值模拟预警流程,并对数值模拟范围的选取进行重点阐述。结果表明,满足 24 h 预警需求的海冰数值模拟范围面积在数百甚至数千平方公里以上,较大的模拟范围与高网格分辨率对运算能力提出了较高的要求,是目前该数值模拟预警需要解决的突出问题。     

长江口南汇边滩冲淤变化规律与机制

根据1842—2004年海图资料分析发现,南汇边滩存在近百年尺度的强烈冲刷—淤积旋回。长江主泓走南港或北港是造成冲刷期"北滩、东滩淤积,南滩、过渡带冲刷"或淤积期冲淤态势反相的主要原因;冲刷期内风暴强度和频数明显多于淤积期,造成冲刷期滩面叠置记忆的是暴风浪成因的"高滩冲刷、低滩淤积"的冲淤态势,而淤积期保存的是弱风浪成因的"高滩淤积、低滩冲刷"叠置增强的剖面特征。尽管三角洲整体冲淤态势的转变主要受流域来沙量的控制,但不同岸段受河口河势分水分沙作用、潮流和波浪等共同作用,明显存在此冲彼淤、冲淤动态调整等特征。已有的入海泥沙含量阈值研究以点代面或以局部代整体,这是造成阈值估算偏高的主要原因。2003年三峡水库开始蓄水后平均年输沙量154 Mt/a已低于低阈值184 Mt/a,但三角洲尚未如预测那样发生由净淤积向净侵蚀的转变。已有的河口水文观察资料显示,水体含沙量也未发生明显下降,这可能是潮控型三角洲潮流对泥沙在河口的再分配起主导作用,并可能由此延长三角洲冲淤转变对入海泥沙量减少的滞后。今后需进一步加强潮控型河口复杂过程的综合研究,提高对泥沙含量阈值估算和应对可能面临的海岸侵蚀及其相关的环境地质灾害的能力。     

Citation analysis for the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

This paper presents the results of a 2008 citation-analysis study that was undertaken for the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and its associated instruments. The overall objective of this study was to contribute towards a strategy for improved dissemination, awareness raising and communication about the Code and its implementation. For each citation, additional information was collected to identify patterns by year, topic, author affiliation or type of literature. Results support previously suggested anecdotal patterns, in particular related to the diversity of publishing outlets and the high proportion of fisheries information published as grey literature. The results also point to areas of concern for long-term preservation and dissemination of fisheries information.     

基于“两证合一”的城镇地籍调查技术路线探讨与研究

根据物权法的规定,为保证不动产房屋产权的合法唯一性,房产证和土地证必须合二为一,这样同时可以减少登记机关重复审批以及加强政府机关效能建设。本文针对“两证合一”的城镇地籍调查作技术路线探讨与研究。