基于短信平台的地震速报发布实现方法

研制了地震信息基于手机短信息发布软件，实现了在进行网络速报的同时，进行短消息的自动发布。本文介绍了手机短消息的软硬件实现方法，并实例介绍了PDU串的具体格式和编码的实现方法。     

活动断层、地震灾害与减灾对策问题

本文在对活动断层的定义和相关概念的论述基础上,通过活动断层与地震灾害间空间分布上的相关性分析,以及海原断裂带松山和阿尔金断裂带阿克塞老城西等地点的探槽地质剖面的介纠等,揭示出活动断层近地表永久性地质变形的局部化特征,永久变形带宽度一般小于30m。文章最后介绍了美国加州地震断层划定法案的主要内容和活动断层填图计划作为积极有效减灾的一项公益性对策,指出中国大陆地区应有步骤地开展大比例尺活动断层填图来有效地减轻可能遭遇的地震灾害。     

Time Series Analysis on the Ratio for Pixels with Abnormal Brightness Temperature Increase and Its Variation Before Some Earthquakes with Ms ≥ 5.0 in the Taiwan Area

In the study of the application of MODIS satellite remote sensing data to earthquake prediction, the paper puts forward for the first time a quantitative method to estimate the ratio for the pixels with abnormal brightness temperature (BT) increase and a preliminary scheme for cloud removal. The principle is that, firstly, the cloudless data observed by the same satellite at the same period of time but in different days (usually 1 day to 3 days) are mosaiced to get high ratio of clear sky, and then the BT variation curve and mean square difference (MSD) of each pixel are calculated with the data from the covered area to determine daily whether the BT data of the day is normal or not at a certain pixel by using double the MSD as the criterion. The ratio for the pixels with abnormal BT increase can be calculated by dividing the total number of abnormal pixels with the total pixels of the whole area. Analysis on a series of recent earthquakes in the Taiwan area shows that the ratio for pixels with abnormal BT increase, which normally undulates around zero, has a sudden enhancement 1 day to 20 days before medium-strong earthquakes. It is expected that a new method for identifying earthquake auspice could be found through special studies in regions with frequent seismic activity by analyzing the change of the ratio for the pixels with abnormal BT increase from MODIS satellite remote sensing infrared (IR) information from which the effect of clouds has been removed to a certain extent.     

喀什河断裂中更新世以来的活动速率

地貌和新近系位错测量的方法是获得活动断裂在新近纪晚期以来可靠和准确的运动学数据的正确方法,本文结合遥感、地貌、变形测量与新近纪测年等手段,重点研究了伊犁盆地喀什河断裂中更新世以来的垂直活动速率.喀什河断裂在中更新世以来的新活动主要表现在河流阶地和地层的位错,综合研究了这些位错数据,分析了断裂各段在中更新世以来的活动速率,讨论了1812年尼勒克地震的平均位错反映断裂现今最新的活动速率,提供了喀什河断裂中更新世以来不同时期活动的定量数据,填补了天山内部新近纪晚期研究的部分空白,对现今地壳运动与地球动力学研究及减轻地质灾害有重要意义.     

Correction factors for SSI effects predicted by simplified models: 2D versus 3D rectangular embedded foundations

The effects of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) are often studied using two‐dimensional (2D) or axisymmetric three‐dimensional (3D) models to avoid the high cost of the more realistic, fully 3D models, which require 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more computer time and storage. This paper analyzes the error and presents correction factors for system frequency, system damping, and peak amplitude of structural response computed using impedances for linear in‐plane 2D models with rectangular foundations, embedded in uniform or layered half‐space. They are computed by comparison with results for 3D rectangular foundations with the same vertical cross‐section and different aspect ratios. The structure is represented by a single degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Correction factors are presented for a range of the model parameters. The results show that in‐plane 2D approximations overestimate the SSI effects, exaggerating the frequency shift, the radiation damping, and the reduction of the peak amplitude. The errors are larger for stiffer, taller, and heavier structures, deeper foundations, and deeper soil layer. For example, for a stiff structure like Millikan library (NS response; length‐to‐width ratio ≈ 1), the error is 6.5% in system frequency, 44% in system damping, and 140% in peak amplitude. The antiplane 2D approximation has an opposite effect on system frequency and the same effect on system damping and peak relative response. Linear response analysis of a case study shows that the NEHRP‐2015 provisions for reduction of base shear force due to SSI may be unsafe for some structures. The presented correction factor diagrams can be used in practical design and other applications.     

3-D rheologic model of earthquake preparation (Ⅱ):Strain field and its applications

On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic inclusion model, the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain field is derived, i.e., the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in x-axis, y-axis and z-axis produced by three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model, namely the normal strains εxx(r, t), εyy(r, t) and εzz(r, t), the shear strains εxy(r, t) and εyx(r, t), εyz(r, t)and εzy(r, t), εxz(r, t) and εzx(r, t), and the bulk-strain θ (r, t). By computing the spatial-temporal variation of bulk strain on the ground produced by a spherical rheologic inclusion in a semi-infinite rheologic medium, we obtained some significant results that the bulk-strain variation with time produced by a hard inclusion has three stages (α, β,γ) with different characteristics, which are similar to those of most geodetic deformation curves, but not the case for those by a soft inclusion. It is meaningful that these theoretical results have been applied to explain preliminarily the characteristics of stage variation of spatial-temporal evolution, the pattern and quadrant distribution of earthquake precursors, the changeability, spontaneity and complexity of short-term and imminent-term precursors. It offers a theoretical base to found the physical model of earthquake precursors and a reference to predict physically the earthquakes.     

工程场地分类中等效剪切波速计算深度问题的讨论

根据中国华北、华东、华南、东北和西北等地918个实测钻孔资料的计算统计,探讨了工程场地分类中等效剪切波速计算深度取值20m和30m的实际差别,并对中国、美国、欧洲现有规范利用等效剪切波速进行场地类别划分的方法特点和具体指标进行了对比讨论。结果表明:1)计算深度由20m增加至30m时,钻孔等效剪切波速值的增大范围约为15～50m/s,平均增加值为25m/s;2)与欧美规范相比,中国现行规范(GB50011-2001)在划分场地类别时要求同时考虑20m计算深度的等效剪切波速值和覆盖层厚度,而在许多实际工程中,因较准确的覆盖层厚度不易获取而难以具体进行场地分类。因此,有必要借鉴欧美规范,通过增大等效剪切波速的计算深度至30m来强化该指标在场地类别判定中的作用     

骑田岭芙蓉锡矿的成岩和成矿物质来源： 锆石Lu Hf 同位素和矿物包裹体He Ar同位素证据

本文分析测试了骑田岭花岗岩芙蓉锡矿的各类花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄和Lu-Hf同位素组成。本区有两期花岗岩,早期角闪石黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为160.02.7 Ma,晚期黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为156.5±1.8 Ma。在晚期矿化的黑云母花岗岩中出现了蜕晶化锆石,蜕晶化锆石强烈富集LREE和U、Th,是典型热液锆石的特征。四个花岗岩锆石的Lu-Hf同位素组成说明骑田岭花岗岩的成岩物质主要来源于下地壳,它们的原始岩浆源于中元古代(1.3~1.5Ga)下地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分地幔物质的参与。还分析测定了骑田岭芙蓉锡矿黄铁矿、石榴子石流体包裹体的He-Ar同位素组成,其3 He/4 He比值较低(0.059~0.432),介于地壳和地幔流体3 He/4 He比值之间,表明芙蓉锡矿的成矿流体主要来源于地壳,同时有部分地幔流体的参与成矿。     

西昆仑叶尔羌河上游地区Au元素分布特征及找矿标志

利用1:50万区域地球化学资料,对新疆西昆仑叶尔羌河上游地区主要地层及侵入岩中的Au元素在时间和空间上的分布规律,以及Au元素在不同地层中的成矿性进行了研究, 通过Au元素异常查证及矿点资料,总结出了金矿的找矿标志.     

222团发展酿酒葡萄的气候条件分析

根据葡萄的生物学特性及其对气候条件的要求，对222团的气候资源进行初步分析，结合3年葡萄生产的实际，提出本地区适宜酿酒葡萄的生长。