我省城市水资源紧缺问题及其对策探讨

解决我省城市水资源紧缺问题有以下对策：①建立水资源管理模型，实施最优化开采方案；②防治水污染，实行废水资源化，对城市工业废水净化处理再利用；③实行地表水地下水相互调剂；④拦蓄降水和地表弃水，开发人工补给，建立地下水库；⑤建立节水型社会生产体系。     

相速、群速和能量传播速度

本文论述群速和能量传播速度的基本概念,并对相速、群速及能量传播速度的联系及区别作了讨论。     

The Young Geographers And Their Research: 1936–1943*

The Young Geographers, an informal organization of American geographers, flourished from 1936 to 1943. One of its projects in 1940 and 1941 was the compilation and publication of lists of contemplated research by some 170 Young Geographers. Their listed research interests were relatively narrow in subject and geographical area. The successor of the Young Geographers was the American Society for Professional Geographers which merged with the Association of American Geographers in 1948 under a democratic constitution which assured that young geographers and their research would be recognized.     

1981-2015年中国95°E以东区域性暴雨过程时、空分布特征

基于1981-2015年中国逐日降水量加密观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用主、客观相结合的方法,以天气过程为单元建立了中国95°E以东地区及其6个子区的区域性暴雨过程个例谱,进一步使用小波功率谱、9点二项式平滑及离差平方和聚类等方法剖析了中国95°E以东区域性暴雨过程的时、空分布统计特征。结果表明:（1）中国95°E以东区域性暴雨过程平均年总次数接近30次;其中,江淮流域是出现区域性暴雨过程最多的子区,平均为19次/a;其次为华南和西南地区东部,平均为10.5和5.8次/a;东北地区、华北和西北地区东部平均仅为1-3次/a。（2）中国95°E以东及各子区区域性暴雨过程次数的年及年代际变化主要表现为波动特征,各子区中江淮流域与中国95°E以东地区的年及年代际波动变化最为一致;华南与西南地区、东北地区与华北的波动变化互为显著的正相关。中国95°E以东及各子区区域性暴雨过程年总次数都表现出2-4 a的周期变化,此外,江淮流域、华南和西北地区东部还表现出6-10 a的周期变化,华北表现出13-17 a的周期变化。（3）中国95°E以东区域性暴雨过程总体呈夏季最多、冬季最少、春季多于秋季的分布特征,其中以7月出现次数最多。各子区中,江淮流域和西南地区东部区域性暴雨过程以6、7月最多,华南以5、6月最多;东北地区、华北、西北地区东部集中出现在7、8月。（4）中国95°E以东地区的极端区域性暴雨过程可划分为7种分布类型。第Ⅰ-Ⅳ型强降雨区从江南南部和华南呈阶梯状逐步北抬至黄淮和四川盆地东部一带,第Ⅴ-Ⅶ型除在东南沿海均有强降雨区外,第Ⅴ型在华南东部至江淮、第Ⅵ型在黄淮北部至东北地区中南部、第Ⅶ型在黄淮西部和华北中南部还分布有强降雨区。      

Spatiotemporal changes in agricultural land cover in Nepal over the last 100 years

In order to advance land use and land cover change (LUCC) research in Nepal, it is essential to reconstruct both the spatiotemporal distribution of agricultural land cover as well as scenarios that can explain these changes at the national and regional levels. Because of rapid population growth, the status of agricultural land in Nepal has changed markedly over the last 100 years. Historical data is used in this study, encompassing soils, populations, climatic variables, and topography. Data were revised to a series of 30 m grid cells utilized for agricultural land suitability and allocation models and were analyzed using a suite of advanced geographical tools. Our reconstructions for the spatiotemporal distribution of agricultural land in Nepal reveal an increasing trend between 1910 and 2010 (from 151.2 × 10² km² to 438.8 × 10² km²). This expanded rate of increase in agricultural land has varied between different eco, physiographic, and altitudinal regions of the country, significantly driven by population changes and policies over the period of this investigation. The historical dataset presented in this paper fills an existing gap in studies of agricultural land change and can be applied to other carbon cycle and climate modeling studies, as well as to impact assessments of agricultural land change in Nepal.     

山西炼焦煤资源与开发利用现状分析

山西省炼焦煤资源丰富、优势突出;资源分布广泛,煤类分布规律明显;开发技术条件较好;优质炼焦煤资源稀缺,比较适宜炼焦的资源大约在900亿t,低灰、低硫的优质炼焦煤大约占炼焦煤查明资源储量的12％,而优质的焦煤和肥煤仅占2．5％;查明资源总体利用水平低,但低硫煤资源占用率高;勘探程度较低,探明的资源储量少;查明资源总体利用水平低,经济可采储量少。通过分析山西炼焦煤炭资源开发利用现状,认为确保山西炼焦煤经济的可持续发展,必须加强炼焦煤炭资源的规划与管理,提高炼焦煤资源保障能力,保护与节约并重,合理开发利用炼焦煤资源。     

土颗粒沉降分析用水类型测试效果的检验比较

随着市场供水水源的多样化,密度计法颗粒分析试验用水类型也趋于多样化。在理论分析基础上,通过对比试验提出当前沉降分析试验用水种类选用的倾向性意见。     

太行山东麓含煤区构造特征与深部找煤方向

太行山东麓含煤区以中生代末期以来的伸展构造变形为主导,煤系埋深自西向东逐渐加大,沿太行山前呈NNE向条带状展布。区内构造样式丰富,以NE、NNE向正断层组合为特征。其深部控煤构造样式主要为两类堑垒构造组合和掀斜断块组合两类。通过研究区构造组合的分析,掌握了太行山东麓含煤区煤田构造的特征,为老矿区外围深部找煤提供了依据。     

异轨遥感CCD影像处方位元素的要求

在对异轨遥感CCD影像处理的基本模型基础上，采用在物方空间坐标系中进行手差，并对相关的掺数进行部分分离－合并，有效地控制了未知参数间的相关性，结合人工智能原理设计的分层全局最优的搜索控制算法不仅保证了算法的严密性，而且简洁，实用。