Interaction between cladding and structural frame observed in a full‐scale steel building test

Interaction between the external wall cladding and the seismic load resisting frame was examined in a full‐scale cyclic loading test of a three‐storey steel building structure. The building specimen had Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete (ALC, also designated as Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) panels installed and anchored to the structural frame as external wall cladding, using a standard Japanese method developed following the 1995 Kobe earthquake. ALC panelling is among the most widely used material for claddings in Japan. In the test, the ALC panel cladding contributed little to the stiffness and strength of the overall structure, even under a very large storey drift of 0.04 rad. No visible damage was noted in the ALC panels other than minor cracks and spalling of the bottom of the panels in the first storey. Consequently, in a Japanese steel building with properly installed ALC panel cladding, the structural frame is likely to be little affected by its cladding, and the ALC panels are capable of accommodating the maximum storey drift generally considered in structural design without sustaining discernible damage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大气数值模式空间分辨率的确定方法

集中讨论了如何决定大气数值模式空间分辨率的问题。首先, 给出模式分辨率的定义和模式各方程都应满足的不等式，并在此基础上，用尺度分析和单波的方法推出模式水平和垂直分辨率的预估公式。还给出针对一般模式，以预估公式作基础，选择一系列分辨率，用比较试验，结合大气结构特点，最终确定模式分辨率的方法。并用浅水模式进行了水平分辨率的试验。     

Wintertime Seasonal Scale Simulation over Western Himalaya Using RegCM3

The Himalayan region of north India is composed of complex mountain ranges with different altitudes and orientations, causing prevailing weather conditions to be complex. Wintertime eastward moving synoptic weather systems `Western Disturbances' (WDs) yield large amounts of precipitation over this region. Numerous micro/mesoscale circulations become generated along with prevailing weather due to surface heterogeneity and land-use variability of the Himalayan region. WDs along with these circulations may give rise to very adverse weather conditions over the region. Intraseasonal variability of surface climate over the Himalayas is studied using regional climate model (RegCM3) with 60 km resolution. A 6-month (Oct. 1999–Mar. 2000) period, as this period has received an enormous amount of precipitation in the form of snow, is considered to study surface climate variability in terms of temperature, precipitation and snow amount. Model simulations show cold bias over the Himalayan region and warm bias over the northwest India. Average monthly distribution of temperature indicates that a controlled experiment could capture the areas of lowest temperature regime. Precipitation fields could be simulated only up to a certain degree of satisfaction and the influence of topographic elevation and valleys needs to be seen. RegCM3 provides a representation of resolvable atmospheric circulations that results in explaining mean variability during winter.     

A point hailfall classification based on hailpad measurements: The ANELFA scale

The ANELFA scale for hailfall intensity is proposed on the model of the 6-class Fujita scale for tornadoes. It is based on more than three thousand point hailfalls measured by hailpads over a 16-year period in France. The class number of a hailfall is determined by the integer value of the largest measured hailstone diameter in cm, or by equivalence with current objects: A0 to A5 for pea, grape, pigeon's egg, walnut, hen's egg, orange. The class number is followed by a plus or minus sign if the ground is significantly more or less than half-covered by hailstones respectively. When the scale is applied to the ANELFA data, a log-normal distribution is found for the class distribution, allowing the frequency determination of the upper class ever observed until now at the hailpad stations.     

基于索引图的大比例尺图幅自动接边方法研究

针对图幅接边中存在的问题和难点,提出了一套基于索引图多幅大比例尺地图自动接边的方法,采用了组件式编程方法,实现了简单化和自动化图幅接边的功能.     

微小信号反馈式程控放大电路

通常固定增益的放大器在兼顾大的动态范围和较高的小信号精度的情况下很难满足预期的要求。本文针对增益为 2 0～ 2 3倍的可编程阶码放大器 AD5 2 6集成片 ,摆脱传统的设计方法 ,提出一种反馈式程控放大电路。该电路能够在瞬时调整信号的放大增益 ,具有很高的精度和较大的动态范围 ,能够在模数转换前端处理中发挥重要作用。     

大型矿山接替资源定位预测的途径及其研究意义

讨论了大型矿山接替资源定位预测研究的重要性,并从理论上、技术上、经济效益上以及实践上对其可行性进行了分析;阐述了隐伏矿体定位预测的指导思想、技术路线、方法和基本途径。     

Catchment contrasts: Comparing young people’s experiences and knowledge of a river environment

Early geographies focussed on children have recorded their environmental and spatial perceptions. Contemporary theoretical and methodological advances in, and beyond, children’s geographies have supported a more complex engagement with environmental topics. Complementing this work, a study of young people’s experience and knowledge of a river in southern New Zealand is presented. Data were gathered from four contrasting locations within one, 5650 sq. km, catchment, employing child-oriented, multi-method approaches. Data analysis confirms existing literature highlighting how young people are competent knowledge producers with varying experiences and understandings. Some of this variation can be appreciated by focussing on factors of age, gender and catchment location. Together these findings are relevant to both academic and planning circles and implications for young people’s participation in catchment management are noted as a key area for further development of work of this kind.