Retrieval of tea polyphenol at leaf level using spectral transformation and multi-variate statistical approach

In the present study, field based hyperspectral data was used to estimate the tea (Camellia sinensis L.) polyphenol at Deha Tea garden of Assam state, India. Leaf reflectance spectra were first filtered for noise and then transformed into normalized and first derivative reflectance for further analysis. Stepwise discriminant analysis was carried out to select sensitive bands for a range of polyphenol concentration by minimizing the effects of other factors such as age of the bushes and management practices. The wavelengths at 358, 369, 484, 845, 916, 1387, 1420, 1435, 1621 and 2294 nm were identified as sensitive to tea polyphenol, among which 2294 nm was found to be the most recurring band. The noise removed selected bands, their transformed derivatives and principal components were regressed with the tea polyphenol using univariate and multi-variate analysis. In univariate analysis the correlation was very poor with RMSE more than 3.0. A significant improvement in R² values were observed when multivariate analyses like stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) was carried out. The PLSR of first derivative reflectance was most accurate (R² = 0.81 and RMSE = 1.39 mg g⁻¹) among all the uni- and multivariate analysis for predicting the polyphenol of fresh tea leaves.     

新疆罗布泊45kaBP以来沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境指示意义

根据罗布泊新湖湖心区KY01孔沉积物中常量和微量元素的含量,应用主成分分析方法,提取了控制沉积物化学组成的3个主因子。其中第1主因子对沉积物化学组成具有绝对控制作用,通过详细分析认为该因子可作为塔里木河流域气候干湿变化的代用指标。结合剖面5个AMS14C测年结果所建立的时间标尺,初步重建了塔里木河流域4.5万年以来气候干湿变化历史。结果显示,近4.5万年来塔里木河流域气候呈逐步干旱化趋势,其中末次间冰阶中晚期以湿润气候为主,末次冰期晚冰阶以来变为以干旱气候为主,但末次冰消期晚期-全新世早期发生过明显的气候转湿事件,极端干旱气候出现在中晚全新世以来。罗布泊新湖湖心区KY01孔地化指标还揭示出塔里木河流域的水热组合模式可能是多样的,并非简单地遵循单一的西风型"冷湿-暖干"水热组合模式。     

洞穴滴水、石笋中元素及元素比值对气候环境变化响应的研究进展

滴水/石笋元素是除δ18O和δ13C,研究气候环境变化的又一重要代用指标。外界气候环境变化通过改变表层岩溶带和岩溶含水层中的水文环境,甚至洞穴环境,进而影响元素的溶解、运移和沉淀过程,从而使得滴水/石笋中元素表现一定的变化规律。本文通过分析影响洞穴滴水元素及元素比值变化的因素：元素来源、水—岩相互作用和滞留时间、差异性淋滤、先期碳酸盐沉淀及分配系数的基础上,从元素对岩溶区“二元结构”和极端天气/气候事件响应的角度,探讨了滴水/石笋中元素的气候环境指示意义。取得了以下认识：① 强降水带来的冲刷作用和溶解作用,促进土壤和基岩中元素、胶体和天然有机质（NOM：Natural Organic Matter）等物质在短时间内快速溶解和运移,使滴水中元素含量增加;但随着降水增多带来的稀释作用,使得滴水/石笋中Mg,Sr和Ba等元素含量降低,因此,单一元素的解译较为复杂;② 但基岩/溶液中元素溶解和沉积的差异,导致元素相对含量的变化,使得元素X/Ca比值对外界环境的响应具有同一性,尤其是Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比值：在干旱条件下,降水减少导致方解石先期沉积（PCP：Prior Calcite precipitation）作用增强,使Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比值增大。但目前存在着一些问题：① Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比值变化对强降水事件的响应并不明显,可能与新、老水混合及元素溶解过程中的溶解比例差别不大有关;② 多源、多期混合水源会导致洞穴滴水元素对极端事件响应减弱;③ Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca的变化为解释δ18O的“雨量效应”及“源效应”提供了见解,但元素变化能否反映季风强度的变化,仍有待进一步的研究。基于以上认识,笔者提出开展更加系统的大气—土壤—包气带—洞穴的监测;开展更高分辨率、更长时间尺度的洞穴监测;开展多区域、多洞穴系统对比研究来更加深入地开展洞穴石笋元素研究。     

A fast identification method based on the typical geophysical differences between submarine shallow carbonates and hydrate bearing sediments in the northern South China Sea

Bottom simulating reflector (BSR) has been recognized as one of the indicators of gas hydrates. However, BSR and hydrate are not one-to-one correspondence. In the Xisha area of South China Sea (SCS), carbonate rocks wildly develop, which continuously distribute parallel to the seafloor with high amplitude on seismic sections, exhibiting reflections similar to BSRs in the Shenhu area nearby. This phenomenon causes some interference to hydrates identification. In this paper, the authors discussed the typical geophysical differences between carbonate rocks and hydrates, indicating that the main difference exists in relationship between porosity and velocity, causing different amplitude versus offset (AVO) characters. Then the authors proposed a new model assuming that the carbonates form the matrix and the hydrate fill the pore as a part of the matrix. The key modeling parameters have been optimized constrained by P-velocities and S-velocities simultaneously, and the model works well both for carbonate rock and gas hydrate bearing sediments. For quantitative identification, the authors calculated the velocities when carbonates and hydrates form the matrix together in different proportions. Then they proposed a carbonate and hydrate identification template (CHIT), in which the possible hydrate saturation (PHS) and possible carbonate content (PCC) can be both scaled out for a group of sample composed by P-velocity and S-velocity. If PHS is far larger than PCC, it is more likely to be a hydrate sample because carbonates and hydrates do not coexist normally. The real data application shows that the template can effectively distinguish between hydrates and carbonate rocks, consequently reducing the risk of hydrate exploration.     

不同饵料对管角螺生长、肝脏消化酶活性及软体部营养成分的影响

以缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)(A)、菲律宾蛤(Venerupis Philippinaram)仔(B)及自制配合饲料(C)作为饵料,分别研究了上述3种饵料对二龄管角螺(Hemifusus tuba Gmelin)生长、肝脏消化酶活性以及软体部营养成分的影响。结果表明：(1)鲜活饵料的投喂更有利于管角螺的生长和营养物质的累积,配合饲料的摄食效果较差,还需进一步的优化和完善;其特定生长率大小为：缢蛏组＞菲律宾蛤仔组＞配合饲料组,组间差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)不同饵料的投喂对其肝脏消化酶活性的影响差异显著,在整个实验区间的胰蛋白酶活力的大小为：缢蛏组＞菲律宾蛤仔组＞配合饲料组,组间差异显著(P＜0.05);配合饲料组的淀粉酶活力和脂肪酶活力先降后升,鲜活饵料组则较稳定;45 d 后配合饲料组的淀粉酶活力和脂肪酶活力皆显著高于鲜活饵料组的(P＜0.05);表明管角螺在饥饿时,消化酶可能存在补偿性分泌,优先利用糖原和脂肪作为能源物质;(3)不同饵料对管角螺软体部的灰分和水分没有显著影响(P＞0.05),鲜活饵料组的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量皆显著高于配合饲料组(P＜0.05)。     

近场下桥梁结构的地震响应分析

提出采用宽频地震Kanai-Tajimi模型与速度脉冲He-Agrawal模型来模拟近场地震动,数值模拟验证了该近场地震模型的有效性。采用该模型定量分析了近场地震作用对桥梁结构地震响应的影响规律。近场地震动的脉冲持时是对结构产生破坏的一个重要因素,近场地震作用对桥梁结构的设计提出了更高的延性要求。     

利用组件GIS和构件技术建立林业GIS系统

随着计算机技术的进步,以林业GIS系统为代表的林业信息化进程得到前所未有的发展,但也存在着工程重复建设的问题,没有按统一的标准、规范和要求进行,特别是林业专业模型的实现一直进展缓慢.本文将软件复用的思想引入到林业GIS系统专业模型的构件设计与开发上,通过组件GIS技术与构件技术相结合的方法实现林业GIS系统功能的复用,...     

韶关市春季低温阴雨天气分析和预报

对1965～2004年韶关市的春季低温阴雨日数进行统计分析,结果表明,韶关市的低温阴雨年平均日数在8～14d,大部分都是湿冷型。1965—1972年韶关低温阴雨日数偏多,1973～1981年偏少,1982-1996年偏多,1997年以后偏少。韶关市逐年的平均低温阴雨日数有4个明显的周期,分别为2．5、3．5、8．3和13．9年。     

中钢澳大利亚 Carpentaria 锰矿矿权区 ASTEＲ数据蚀变信息提取研究

应用 ASTEＲ 多光谱卫星遥感数据,根据与锰矿相关的蚀变矿物光谱特征,采用主成份分析算法,提取了中钢集团所属的澳大利亚 Carpentaria 锰矿矿权区铁染、羟基、碳酸盐化、锰和硅化的蚀变信息。ASTEＲ 数据在锰矿化蚀变信息提取中能更好的识别不同类型含羟基蚀变矿物,能更好的提取含三价 Fe 离子的蚀变信息及锰矿物蚀变信息。对这些蚀变信息进行深入分析将有助于矿权区锰矿地质研究和勘查目标的确定。     

粤东及闽南近岸上升流对局地风场变化的响应

本文利用2010年6-7月的实测温盐、水位、海流等资料,结合风场数据,讨论了在台风影响较小的情况下,粤东及闽南近岸上升流对局地风场变化的响应特征,主要结论如下:（1）谱分析结果显示,沿岸风、水位、海流、近底层水温均具有3.5～4.0 d、5.0～5.5 d、8.3～9.0 d的波动周期,沿岸风的变化引起上升流强度在3～9 d周期上的波动;（2）上升流对局地风场变化的响应过程如下:利于上升流产生的局地风场发生变化时,沿岸风作用下产生的Ekman输运促使的上升流区水位的下降幅度发生改变,随即向岸方向的压强梯度力也发生变化,进而导致沿岸流及近底层向岸流的增强或减弱,而近底层向岸流强度的改变又会引起近底层水温的变化;（3）相关分析及交叉谱分析的结果表明,沿岸风的变化将在3 d以内影响上升流区近底层水温。以34 m向岸流代表近底层向岸流,则“沿岸风-水位-近底层向岸流-近底层水温”这一过程的响应时间依次为24 h、7 h、27 h左右。