三维重磁人机交互解释的剖面成体建模方法

由于重磁异常人机交互解释过程中三维地质体模型的构建和编辑操作在二维计算机屏幕上很困难,给物探解释人员带来很大的不便.该文提出了一种将各个剖面上多边形连接成体的建模方法,给出了该地质体模型的正演计算方法,并用VC6.0与OpenGL在开发的三维重磁正反演解释系统中进行了实现.借助该方法,重磁解释人员可方便地编辑地质体模型并且可直观地进行三维显示,从而提高人机交互解释的效率.     

理性思考汶川地震中砌体结构的抗震能力

汶川地震建筑震害严重,应对此进行理性的思考。本文立足于按规范正常建造的砌体结构房屋的震害调查,对砌体结构震害严重的原因进行了分析,提出了减轻砌体结构震害的建议;同时,对预制板在地震区的应用进行了探讨,指出政府不宜限制预制板的应用;最后,建议采用经济性好、施工快捷、结构性能可靠的新型装配整体式房屋结构体系等技术。     

Damage to urban buildings in zones of intensities Ⅷ and Ⅶ during the Wenchuan earthquake and discussion on some typical damages

The outline and typical characteristics of damages to building in Jiangyou city and Anxian county(intensity VⅢ), Mianyang city and Deyang city(intensity VII) are introduced in the paper.The damage ratios, based on the sample statistics of multi-story brick buildings together with multi-story brick buildings with RC frame at first story(BBF), are presented.Then some typical damages, such as horizontal cricks of brick masonry buildings, X-shaped cricks on the walls under windows, the damages to columns, beams...     

考虑结构抗力因素的建筑物地震保险纯费率厘定方法

利用震害期望损失率方法对考虑结构抗力因素的建筑物地震保险纯费率的厘定方法作了分析,并采用该厘定方法得到了两个工程实例的砖结构、钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物地震保险的纯费率.     

基于遗传算法优化的高层建筑风振模糊控制

本文针对高层建筑风振控制问题,应用基于遗传算法优化模糊规则库的模糊控制方法,通过MR阻尼器实现减小高层建筑风振反应. 采用双输入、单输出的模糊控制策略, 即以风荷载和其变化率为输入量, 以MR阻尼器所提供的控制力为输出量.利用基于遗传算法的优化的模糊规则库,根据作用模糊子集的推理方法进行模糊推理运算, 并采用常用的重心法进行解模糊处理.以某12层框架结构为例, 进行数值模拟分析,并与优化前的模糊控制策略和LQR最优控制策略进行比较.数值分析结果表明,利用遗传算法使优化模糊规则库得以优化,改善了模糊控制的效果,有效地减小了结构的风振反应.     

房屋注浆抬升实践与监测分析

厦门梧村山浅埋大跨隧道,要求下穿浦南片区密集建筑群,其工程难度国内外罕见。通过对现场房屋的抬升实践和监测分析发现：房屋注浆抬升可分为两个层次,即注浆止沉和注浆抬升。现场抬升试验表明：采用动态跟踪补偿注浆能够较好地实现房屋止沉,而房屋的抬升则极富挑战性。一方面房屋抬升必须以补偿注浆、止浆墙完成、地层加固密实为前提;另一方面还必须选取合适的注浆工艺、注浆量、压力、抬升孔分布、注浆深度等,才可能实现抬升。抬升过程监控还发现：地层抬升明显,房屋止沉效果良好;但房屋抬升呈波动趋势,最终房屋仍呈沉降趋势。该结果反应了注浆地层抬升与房屋抬升是不一致的,只有较大范围、稳定的、均匀的、不消散的地表抬升,才能形成安全有效的房屋抬升。通过相关的解析和数值方法,对抬升注浆参数进行初步优选以及对房屋抬升量进行预测,结果可以满足工程需要。     

A probabilistic framework for quantification of aftershock ground‐motion hazard in California: Methodology and parametric study

This paper presents a proposed method of aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (APSHA) similar to conventional ‘mainshock’ PSHA in that it estimates the likelihoods of ground motion intensity (in terms of peak ground accelerations, spectral accelerations or other ground motion intensity measures) due to aftershocks following a mainshock occurrence. This proposed methodology differs from the conventional mainshock PSHA in that mainshock occurrence rates remain constant for a conventional (homogeneous Poisson) earthquake occurrence model, whereas aftershock occurrence rates decrease with increased elapsed time from the initial occurrence of the mainshock. In addition, the aftershock ground motion hazard at a site depends on the magnitude and location of the causative mainshock, and the location of aftershocks is limited to an aftershock zone, which is also dependent on the location and magnitude of the initial mainshock. APSHA is useful for post‐earthquake safety evaluation where there is a need to quantify the rates of occurrence of ground motions caused by aftershocks following the initial rupture. This knowledge will permit, for example, more informed decisions to be made for building tagging and entry of damaged buildings for rescue, repair or normal occupancy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coupled shear‐bending formulation for seismic analysis of stacked wood shear wall systems

A summary of the development of a new coupled shear‐bending model for analysis of stacked wood shear walls and multi‐story wood‐frame buildings is presented in this paper. The model focuses on dynamic response of light‐frame wood structures under seismic excitation. The formulation is intended to provide a more versatile option than present pure shear models in that the new model is capable of accurately capturing the overall lateral response of each story diaphragm and separates the inter‐story shear deformation and the deformation associated with rotation of the diaphragm due to rod elongation, which is an analogue to the bending deformation in an Euler–Bernoulli beam model. Modeling the coupling of bending and shear deformation is shown to provide more accurate representation of stacked shear wall system behavior than a pure shear model, particularly for the upper stories in the assembly. The formulation is coupled with the newly developed evolutionary parameter hysteretic model for wood shear walls. Existing data from a shake table test of an isolated three‐story wood shear wall were used to verify the accuracy of the model prediction. The numerical results agreed very well with shake table test measurements. The influence of a continuous rod hold‐down system on the dynamic behavior of the three‐story stacked wood shear wall was also successfully simulated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A substructure shaking table test for reproduction of earthquake responses of high‐rise buildings

When subjected to long‐period ground motions, high‐rise buildings' upper floors undergo large responses. Furniture and nonstructural components are susceptible to significant damage in such events. This paper proposes a full‐scale substructure shaking table test to reproduce large floor responses of high‐rise buildings. The response at the top floor of a virtual 30‐story building model subjected to a synthesized long‐period ground motion is taken as a target wave for reproduction. Since a shaking table has difficulties in directly reproducing such large responses due to various capacity limitations, a rubber‐and‐mass system is proposed to amplify the table motion. To achieve an accurate reproduction of the floor responses, a control algorithm called the open‐loop inverse dynamics compensation via simulation (IDCS) algorithm is used to generate a special input wave for the shaking table. To implement the IDCS algorithm, the model matching method and the H_∞ method are adopted to construct the controller. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the open‐loop IDCS algorithm and compare the performance of different methods of controller design. A series of full‐scale substructure shaking table tests are conducted in E‐Defense to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and examine the seismic behavior of furniture. The test results demonstrate that the rubber‐and‐mass system is capable of amplifying the table motion by a factor of about 3.5 for the maximum velocity and displacement, and the substructure shaking table test can reproduce the large floor responses for a few minutes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机载激光雷达系统的应用与数据后处理技术

综述了机载激光雷达系统的组成、工作原理、应用和数据后处理技术,着重介绍机载激光雷达数据中的信息提取的有关算法,这些算法包括DEM、DTM提取、房屋提取与房屋几何模型的3D重建、道路网提取、森林参数的获取等。