东天山加里东造山带中阿拉塔格花岗岩的特征和成因

阿拉塔格花岗岩分布于东天山加里东造山带内的弧后盆地蛇绿岩套中,地质剖面自下而上为超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩、中性岩和斜长花岗岩。各岩相之间呈渐变过渡关系。岩石学、岩石化学和稀土元素特征以及与其它地区典型幔源型花岗岩特征的对比表明阿拉塔格花岗岩属于幔源型,它代表着弧后盆地蛇绿岩序列内部分异作用末期的产物。     

桂东北苗儿山-越城岭东北部界牌钨-铜矿区成矿岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及华南加里东期成矿分析

界牌W-Cu矿床产于苗儿山-越城岭复式岩体东北部斑状黑云母花岗岩与灰岩接触带的矽卡岩中,是苗儿山-越城岭复式岩体矿集区最大的矽卡岩型W-Cu矿床。矿区出露的主要岩体为斑状黑云母花岗岩及后期浅色花岗岩体,矿区外围则大面积出露斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。矿化产于斑状黑云母花岗岩与灰岩接触带矽卡岩,及斑状黑云母花岗岩中灰岩捕虏体矽卡岩化带中。黑云母花岗岩发育花岗岩型钨矿床成矿早期常见的钠长石化、云英岩化及从岩体至外接触带蚀变矿物组合显示形成温度逐渐降低。这些现象表明斑状黑云母花岗岩与矿床具有紧密成因联系。本文获得矿区斑状黑云母花岗岩、斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和浅色花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为:422±11 Ma,428±7 Ma,410±7 Ma,表明界牌W-矿床及区内主要岩体均形成于加里东期。本文的同位素年龄及前人报道的苗儿山-越城岭矿集区和华南加里东期与花岗岩有关矿床同位素年龄表明苗儿山-越城岭矿集区W-Mo-Cu矿床成矿主要发生在加里东期和印支期,U矿成矿主要发生在燕山期,华南在加里东期发生了分布广泛、成矿元素组合多样的与花岗岩有关的成矿事件,有很好的找矿前景,今后应加强华南加里东期矿床的找矿工作。     

华南大瑶山地区加里东期钨矿床

早期研究认为华南加里东期岩浆岩一般不成矿,但自20世纪80年代以来相继发现了一些矿床的事实打破了此观点,特别是近年来大瑶山地区与加里东期岩浆岩有关的钨多金属矿床的大量发现,进一步表明加里东期岩浆岩也能形成矿集区规模的矿产地。大瑶山地区目前已发现9处加里东期的钨矿床(点),包括社垌和玉坡2个大型矿床,已查明WO3资源量接近20万吨,矿床类型包括矽卡岩型、石英脉型和斑岩型。成矿时间集中在432～466 Ma。成矿元素以W为主,部分矿床Mo、Cu、Bi、Ag、Pb、Zn、Au也达到综合利用价值。矿石矿物以白钨矿为主。除与磁黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和透辉石化的岩浆岩时空密切相关外,斑岩型、石英脉型矿床还与一组近东西向或北西向的陡立小断层和节理带有关;矽卡岩型矿床则与寒武系中的灰岩夹层密切有关,并具有元素分带性。矿床地球化学表明主成矿阶段均一温度集中在225～370℃,盐度w(NaCleq)集中在5%～25%,H-O-S同位素示踪显示成矿流体和成矿物质主要来源于岩浆岩。从早到晚,温度和盐度降低、pH值升高以及流体混合是造成矿石沉淀的主要机制。与成矿有关的花岗闪长岩属于低分异还原性的"I"型花岗岩,单体呈小的岩株和岩枝产出,但常成群成带分布,成岩时间跨度较长(432～479.6 Ma)。大瑶山地区与钨矿有关的岩体缺乏伟晶岩,未发现富铝或富含挥发分矿物,但含角闪石。地球化学判别属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质花岗岩;具有低分异指数,低Li、B、La/Yb和Rb/Sr,高CaO/(Na2O+K2O)、Mg/(Mg+Fe)和高固结指数、高镁铁质矿物含量和弱的Ba、Sr、P和Ti亏损;稀土元素配分曲线为明显右倾斜,弱的负Eu异常;全岩和锆石的Zr/Hf比值较高,说明与钨成矿有关的岩体为低分异岩体,与传统上认为含钨岩体为高分异花岗岩明显不同。升高的锆石O同位素、弱的负εHf(t)值以及1.5～1.6 Ga的TDM2年龄表明花岗闪长岩来源于中元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,并混有一定量的地幔物质。大瑶山地区强烈的加里东期岩浆活动及成矿作用与"华南裂谷"最终关闭导致的陆内碰撞有关。该区加里东期岩浆活动的强度、范围和成矿作用可与该区燕山期的媲美,具有较大的找矿潜力。大瑶山地区新发现钨矿具有矿集区规模的事实,进一步证实华南加里东期花岗岩也能成大矿,这一结论对深入认识华南地区加里东期构造岩浆演化和成矿作用具有重要的科学意义。     

Large P–T gap between Ballantrae blueschist/garnet pyroxenite and surrounding ophiolite, southern Scotland, UK: Diapiric exhumation of a Caledonian serpentinite mélange

The Ballantrae ophiolite in southern Scotland includes a NEE–SWW-trending serpentinite mélange that contains blocks of mafic blueschist and high-pressure, granulite facies, metapyroxenite (Sm–Nd metamorphic age: 576 ± 32 and 505 ± 11 Ma). Tectonic blocks of mafic schist are less than 3 × 3 m in size, and have greenschist, blueschist or epidote amphibolite facies assemblages corresponding to the high-pressure intermediate-type metamorphic facies series.Adjacent rocks of the serpentinite mélange are hydrothermally-altered MORB-like ophiolitic basalt (prehnite–pumpellyite facies), dolerite (actinolite–oligoclase sub-facies) and gabbro (amphibolite facies), all with assemblages that are diagnostic of the low-pressure metamorphic facies series.The difference in metamorphic facies series and parageneses of minerals between the high-pressure mafic blocks and the adjacent, low-pressure ophiolitic meta-basic rocks suggests that the former were exhumed from > 25 km depth within a cold subducted slab, and were juxtaposed with the latter, the bottom of a MORB-like ophiolite in the hanging wall of a trench. An ENE–WSW-trending, 501 ± 12 Ma volcanic arc belt extends for 3 km south of the serpentinite mélange. We suggest that ridge subduction associated with a slab window created arc-related gabbro (483 ± 4 Ma) at Byne Hill and within-plate gabbro (487 ± 8 Ma) at Millenderdale. Final continental collision created the duplex structure of the Ballantrae complex that includes the HP blocks and serpentinite mélange. These relations define diapiric exhumation in the Caledonian orogen of SW Scotland.     

内蒙古中部地区晚志留世西别河组的区域构造学意义

晚志留世西别河组是发育于内蒙古中部地区的一套滨浅海相磨拉石沉积。西别河组广泛角度不整合在蛇绿混杂岩、岛弧火山岩、加里东期花岗岩和弧后盆地复理石沉积之上,揭示了其下伏杂岩之间的区域构造关联性,是内蒙古中部地区曾经发生过加里东期陆壳增生作用过程的证据。西别河组具有与欧洲老红色砂岩类似的区域构造学意义。     

An anticlockwise P–T–t path at high‐pressure,high‐temperature conditions for a migmatitic gneiss from the island of Fjørtoft,Western Gneiss Region,Norway, indicates two burial events during the Caledonian orogeny

The Blåhø Nappe on the island of Fjørtoft, which represents an isolated portion of the Seve Nappe Complex in the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, has been suggested to have experienced two deep burial cycles during the Caledonian orogeny. However, evidence on this multiple burial process by the derivation of a pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path has never been given in the literature. In this study, the ‘diamondiferous’ kyanite–garnet gneiss from the Blåhø Nappe on Fjørtoft was revisited to determine if such a process was correct. Two types of garnet, porphyroblastic garnet‐1 and fine‐grained garnet‐2, were recognized in the gneiss. The core of garnet‐1 is poor in Ca and documents P–T conditions of 1.2–1.3 GPa at c. 880°C based on pseudosection modelling. The inner rims of garnet‐1 and the core of garnet‐2 are both richer in Ca, recording P–T conditions of 1.35–1.45 GPa and 770–820°C. Application of conventional geothermobarometry on the outer rim of garnet‐1 and the rim of garnet‐2 yielded retrograde P–T conditions of 0.75–0.90 GPa and 610–685°C. These estimates define an anticlockwise P–T path at pressures below 1.5 GPa. Accessory monazite was dated with the electron microscope. Relicts of detrital monazite in the gneiss point to Sveconorwegian and possibly also Cryogenian provenance for the detritus of the sedimentary protolith. Metamorphic monazite in the gneiss records a wide age range from 460 to 380 Ma, with a peak c. 435 Ma and a shoulder at 395 Ma. These data suggest that the original (Ediacaran?) Baltica margin sediment (gneiss protolith) was transported to the base of an overlying plate during the early Caledonian (pre‐Scandian) orogeny. A long residence time of the metasedimentary rock at this base caused its heating to 880°C and homogenization of the early garnet chemistry. The late Caledonian (Scandian) collision between Baltica and Laurentia led to further burial, during which the studied gneiss was close to the former surface of the downgoing continental plate and, thus, cooled. The reconstructed P–T–t path confirms the multiple burial history of the Blåhø Nappe but contradicts previous ideas of deep burial of the Fjørtoft gneiss to more than 100 km.     

广西大瑶山-西大明山金银成矿系统研究

大瑶山-西大明山是广西主要的金银产地和重要的成矿远景区.区内金银矿床主要产于寒武系中.矿床形成与加里东和燕山期构造活动和岩浆作用密切相关, 形成与同熔型花岗岩类有关的Au-Ag-Cu成矿系列, 并建立了挤压构造条件下的岩浆-热液成矿系统.      

武夷山中段加里东期混合岩的特征及成因讨论

武夷山中段出露的加里东期混合岩中广泛发育交代结构,可划分出钠－钙交代、钾交代和磋交代等三个阶段．岩石中微斜长石为最大微斜长石．浅色体与基体内外长石的Ａｎ值明显不同,且无环带构造．黑云母成分与围岩中的黑云母接近．岩石化学成分的变化与交代作用的类型有关．微量元素具有与围岩相似的特征,仅重稀土含量高于围岩．质量平衡计算表明,它们形成于开放体系中,矿物颗粒呈聚集分布．这些特征表明它们是由原来的变质岩经减质流体交代形成的。     

小兴安岭地区与加里东期花岗岩类有关的矿床成矿系列

加里东期花岗岩类岩浆活动及其有关的成矿作用，在小兴安岭地区形成了一批铁、铜、锌、铅、锡、钼和钨等矽卡岩型和热液型的矿床。这些成因上紧密相关的矿床形成时间相近。不过，在不同的岩浆活动阶段和不同的地质环境中形成的矿床，，其矿化特征又有明显的差别，而且，矿种和矿化类型在空间的分布上，呈现有规律的分带象。本文着眼于研究上述的矿床所处的地质背景、成矿条件和成矿作用，用成矿系列的观点，对矿床进行矿亚系列和矿床     

华南诸广山一带桂东岩体加里东期花岗岩的成岩时代研究及其地质意义

桂东岩体位于诸广山—万洋山花岗质岩浆岩带的中部, 沿NE向呈不规则条带状分布于湘赣交界处, 该岩体作为诸广山—万洋山加里东期花岗质岩浆岩带的核心部分, 记录着该岩浆岩带的形成时间、岩浆物质来源、壳幔相互作用等典型特征。在详细地质调查基础上, 本文对桂东岩体主要岩石类型进行了岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成的分析研究。结果表明, 桂东岩体是一个复式岩体, 岩浆活动持续>60 Ma(474—411 Ma), 经历了4个脉动阶段: 474—464 Ma、452—442 Ma、435—425 Ma、 415—411 Ma, 其中, 474—464 Ma、452—425 Ma、415—411 Ma期间的岩浆活动与华南加里东造山运动三个构造幕密切吻合。4个阶段岩浆活动对应岩石类型分别为黑云母花岗岩-花岗闪长岩、黑云母花岗岩-二云母花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩-二长花岗岩及角闪黑云花岗岩-黑云母花岗岩。原位锆石Hf同位素特征表明, 大部分样品εHf(t)值位于球粒陨石演化线下方, 主体集中于–2.20～–9.84之间, Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄TDM2为1969～1577 Ma。其岩浆物质主要由华南造山带下地壳物质的一次或多次重熔而成, 且幔源物质参与程度经历了由弱—强—弱, 并与研究区太古宙—古元古代发生的重要地壳增生事件时间相呼应。