最优插值全球海表温度数据格式分析及显示方法

介绍了最优插值全球海表温度数据;分析了NetCDF的特点,实现了利用ArcGIS和Matlab读取并显示NetCDF海表温度数据的方法。     

微生物勘探技术在潮汕坳陷油气勘探中的应用初探

东沙海域潮汕坳陷中生界研究程度相对较低,油气分布规律不明,为了加强对该区油气分布和富集规律的研究,针对潮汕坳陷西部地质目标首次应用微生物地球化学勘探技术(MGCE),探讨其含油气性。MGCE技术以轻烃微渗漏理论为基础,采用地质微生物学方法和地球化学方法检测研究区海底表层的微生物异常和吸附烃异常,预测研究区下伏地层中油气的富集区及其油气性质。检测结果显示研究区西部凹陷的斜坡区微生物异常呈块状发育,轻烃微渗漏强度变化大,可能为潜在油气富集区,酸解吸附烃成果显示可能的油气性质为干气和凝析油气。     

Decadal and seasonal changes in landcover at Padre Island: Implications for the role of the back-barrier in signaling island state change

Long-term and seasonal geomorphological changes at Padre Island, Texas are identified and linked with potential external drivers. Aerial and satellite images from 1950 to 2018, monthly images from 2019 to 2020, and a 2018 LiDAR data set are used to assess long-term and seasonal geomorphological changes within a 50 km² area of Padre Island near Port Mansfield, Texas. Trends in landcover are evaluated by mapping and comparing the relative areal coverage of each facies. Vegetated dunes, absent initially, emerged in the fore-island and expanded into the back-barrier to cover 14% of the study area. The active vegetation-free back-barrier dune field steadily decreased in areal extent from 12% to 6% as vegetation spread. Nebkha dune coverage fluctuated between 4% and 7%. Expansive microbial mats colonized the wind tidal and deflation flats surrounding the vegetated dunes and back-barrier dune field giving rise to a remarkably different landscape over the 50-year period studied. An assessment of external forcing factors identifies increased rates of relative sea level rise and decreased sediment influx as the most likely primary factors driving the geomorphological changes. These changes have induced a widespread shift toward stabilization of island sediments by vegetation and microbial mats, which in turn has starved the back-barrier of sediments resulting in low rates of accretion and increased flooding. These findings highlight the sensitivity of the back-barrier and, in particular, the dune facies to changes in sea level and sediment supply, and show that microbial mats are effective at stabilizing island sediments and may be harbingers to barrier island response to rising sea level. As shown in this study, long-term monitoring of geomorphic facies changes and topography can detect important shifts in the island state that can be used to inform decision making for these sensitive coastal landscapes.     

渤海湾北岸Bg10孔磁性地层研究及其构造意义

对渤海湾北岸孔深600m的Bg10孔进行了详细的沉积学和古地磁研究,划分了39个沉积单元;基于516个样品(60个交变样品,456个热退样品)分离出的特征剩磁,建立了钻孔的磁性地层,并与标准极性年表相对比,确定正极性N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6和N7分别对应C1n、C1r.1n、C2n、C2r.1n、C2An.1n、C2An.2n和C2An.3n,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6分别对应C1r.1r、C1r.2r+C1r.3r、C2r.1r、C2r.2r、C2An.1r和C2An.2r。钻孔B/M界限埋深162.3m,M/G界限埋深为475.8m,钻孔底部位于C2An.3n内,其年龄应小于3.596Ma。Bg10孔包括3个沉积阶段:Ⅰ阶段为3.3~3.6Ma,沉积速率略大于130m/Ma,为构造活动期,唐县期夷平面结束后,盆地沉降和山体隆升的差异增大,并与西部地区的青藏运动A幕相对应;Ⅱ阶段为1.9~3.3Ma,沉积速率为112m/Ma,为盆地的填充过程,气候变化控制沉积过程,但沧县隆起和黄骅坳陷之间沉降仍有差异。Ⅲ阶段为0~1.9Ma,沉积速率为202m/Ma,约在1.0~1.2Ma发生一期构造活动,与西部地区的昆黄运动时代大体相当。1.0Ma以来,沉积过程受构造和气候变化双重影响,沧县隆起和黄骅坳陷之间仍有差异沉降。唐山-邢台断裂带可能在1.9Ma之后活动性增强,并和张家口-蓬莱断裂带在沧县隆起上的交汇区域形成一个次级凹陷。     

山东及邻区双震现象的研究

对山东及邻区中强以上地震的双震现象进行了研究,结果是：Ｍ４．０现象以上中等地震双震,主要集中在渤海海峡和邢台地区及其构造附近;Ｍ５．０级以上中强震双震,主要分布在渤海海峡、邢台、临沂、菏泽这些历史和现今７级以上强震震中区附近。分析认为：双震现象可能主要与上地幔隆起、断层发育、构造复杂和高应力背景有关。     

长江口海域地质灾害研究

根据地矿部上海海洋地质调查局1973年以来,在东海及长江口海域进行的大量地球物理调查、海洋地质及石油地质调查的基础上,收集了解其他单位所做成果,对长江口海域的地质灾害开展专项研究,结合海域环境地质、工程地质条件,进行综合分析,以了解和查明海域存在的地质灾害类型、规模、分布、特征等,为海域地质灾害的防御和减灾提出对策,为长江口海域、上海浦东及东海油气田的开发建设提供决策依据。     

渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷地层压力结构特征

深化含油气沉积盆地的压力结构研究,厘清异常压力的空间展布,对划分含油气系统、评价有利输导体系与明确勘探甜点区带具有重要的理论和实践意义。为深化渤海湾盆地富油凹陷的油气二次勘探,本文以歧口凹陷为研究对象,对其压力结构进行重点刻画。在实测地层压力的校正下,综合单井、连井和二维地震地层压力结构分析,厘清了歧口凹陷的压力结构特征,识别出4类纵向压力结构：①单超压带结构;②双超压带结构;③多超压带结构;④静水压力结构。纵向上,歧口地区存在3类纵向压力系统样式——单超压系统、双超压系统、静水常压系统。双超压系统是歧口凹陷的主要压力系统样式,广泛发育于主凹和各大次凹;从凹陷中心向盆地边缘,双超压系统逐渐向单超压系统、静水常压系统过渡。单超压系统主要分布于盆地边缘的斜坡和潜山区,如歧北高斜坡、羊三木-扣村潜山等。静水常压系统则主要分布在离深凹区更远的沈青庄潜山和埕北斜坡区域。上部超压系统和下部超压系统的顶板分别位于东营组和沙三段内部,侧向上受盆地边缘和深大断裂控制。上部超压系统的形成主要受欠压实作用控制,以歧口主凹为中心呈环带分布;而下部超压系统的形成主要受生烃作用控制,以主凹和几大次凹为中心分布。未来,下部超压系统中保存的天然气将成为歧口地区超深层天然气勘探的重点对象。     

Microseism Variations in Response to Antarctic Seasonal Changes in Sea Ice Extent

The temporal and spatial distributions of Antarctic sea ice play important roles in both the generation mechanisms and the signal characteristics of microseisms. This link paves the way for seismological investigations of Antarctic sea ice. Here we present an overview of the current state of seismological research about microseisms on Antarctic sea ice. We first briefly review satellite remote-sensing observations of Antarctic sea ice over the past 50 years. We then systematically expound upon the generation mechanisms and source distribution of microseisms in relation to seismic noise investigations of sea ice, and the characteristics of Antarctic microseisms and relationship with sea ice variations are further analyzed. We also analyze the continuous data recorded at seismic station BEAR in West Antarctica from 2011 to 2018 and compare the microseism observations with the corresponding satellite remote-sensing observations of Antarctic sea ice. Our results show that:(1) the microseisms from the coastal regions of West Antarctica exhibit clear seasonal variations, SFM with maximum intensities every April-May and minimum intensities around every October-November; while DFM intensities peak every February-March, and reach the minimum around every October. Comparatively, the strong seasonal periodicity of Antarctic sea ice in better agreement with the observed DFM; and (2) microseism decay is not synchronous with sea ice expansion since the microseism intensity is also linked to the source location, source intensity (e.g., ocean storms, ocean wave field), and other factors. Finally, we discuss the effect of Southern Annular Mode on Antarctic sea ice and microseisms, as well as the current limitations and potential of employing seismological investigations to elucidate Antarctic sea ice variations and climate change.     

Late Quaternary paleo sea level geomorphological markers of opposite vertical movements at Salina volcanic island (Aeolian Arc)

Raised marine terraces and submerged insular shelves are used through an integrated approach as markers of relative sea level changes along the flanks of the Salina volcanic island (Aeolian Arc, southern Italy) for the purpose of evaluating its crustal vertical deformation pattern through time. Paleo sea level positions are estimated for the terrace inner margins exposed subaerially at different elevations and the erosive shelf edges recognized offshore at different depths. Compared with the eustatic sea levels at the main highstands (for the terraces) and lowstands (for the shelf edges) derived from the literature, these paleo sea level markers allowed us to reconstruct the interplay among different processes shaping the flanks of the island and, in particular, to quantify the pattern, magnitudes and rates of vertical movements affecting the different sectors of Salina since the time of their formation. A uniform uplift process at rates of 0.35 m ka⁻¹ during the Last Interglacial is estimated for Salina (extended to most of the Aeolian Arc) as evidence of a regional (tectonic) vertical deformation affecting the sub-volcanic basement in a subduction-related geodynamic context. Before that, a dominant subsidence at rates of 0.39–0.56 m ka⁻¹ is instead suggested for the time interval between 465 ka (MIS 12) and the onset of the Last Interglacial (MIS 5.5, 124 ka). By matching the insular shelf edges with the main lowstands of the sea level curve, a relative age attribution is provided for the (mostly) submerged volcanic centres on which the deepest (and oldest) insular shelves were carved, with insights on the chronological development of the older stages of Salina and the early emergence of the island. The shift from subsidence to uplift at the Last Interglacial suggests a major geodynamic change and variation of the stress regime acting on the Aeolian sub-volcanic basement. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华南冬季准静止锋年际变异特征及其对东亚气候的影响

基于JRA55再分析资料、观测的降水量和海表温度等数据,利用统计诊断方法分析了华南冬季气候准静止锋的主要变异特征,并探讨了其与环流、海温及东亚气候的联系。华南冬季气候准静止锋的主要变异模态表现为强度变异模态和经向位置变异模态,它们以年际变化为主。类东部型ENSO海温异常及热带中西印度洋海温异常对华南准静止锋强度的年际变异有显著影响;而类中部型ENSO海温异常型显著影响着华南气候准静止锋的南北位置。华南冬季准静止锋的强度变异对东亚副热带地区的降水、以及我国东部内陆地区的近地面气温有显著影响;华南冬季准静止锋南北位置变异则显著影响我国江淮流域降水、以及我国华南至东南沿海一带的近地面气温。华南冬季准静止锋的强度变异模态对东亚的降水和近地面气温的影响范围较位置变异模态都要大。