Reconstruction of the Cenozoic deformation of the Bohai Bay Basin,North China

A well‐constrained plate deformation model may lead to an improved understanding of sedimentary basin formation and the connection between subduction history and over‐riding plate deformation. Building quantitative models of basin kinematics and deformation remains challenging often due to the lack of comprehensive constraints. The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is an important manifestation of the destruction of the North China Craton, and records the plate kinematic history of East Asia during the Cenozoic. Although a number of interpretations of the formation of the BBB have been proposed, few quantitative basin reconstruction models have been built to test and refine previous ideas. Here, we developed a quantitative deformation reconstruction of the BBB constrained with balanced cross‐sections and structural, stratigraphic and depositional age data. Our reconstruction suggests that the basin formation process was composed of three main stages: Paleocene‐early Eocene (65–42 Ma) extension initiation, middle Eocene‐early Oligocene (42–32.8 Ma) extension climax and post‐Oligocene (32.8–0 Ma) post‐extensional subsidence. The deformation of the BBB is spatially heterogeneous, and its velocity directions rotated clockwise during the basin formation process. The reconstruction supports the interpretation that the BBB formed via strike‐slip faulting and orthogonal extension and that the basin is classified as a composite extensional‐transtensional basin. We argue that the clockwise rotation of the basin velocity field was driven by the counter‐clockwise rotation in the direction of Pacific Plate subduction. The kinematics of the BBB imply that the Pacific Plate may have been sufficiently coupled to the over‐riding East Asian Plate during the critical period of Pacific Plate reorganization. The new reconstruction provides a quantitative basis for studies of deformation processes not only in the vicinity of the BBB, but also more broadly throughout East Asia.     

Interannual Variability and Scenarios Projection of Sea Ice in Bohai Sea Part I: Variation Characteristics and Interannual Hindcast

The Bohai Sea is one of the southernmost areas for sea ice formation in the northern hemisphere.Sea ice disasters in this body of water severely affect marine activities and the safety of coastal residents.In this study,we analyze the variation characteristics of the sea ice in the Bohai Sea and establish an annual regression model based on predictable mode analysis method.The results show the following:1)From 1970 to 2018,the average ice grade is(2.6±0.8),with a maximum of 4.5 and a minimum of 1.0.Liaodong Bay(LDB)has the heaviest ice conditions in the Bohai Sea,followed by Bohai Bay(BHB)and Laizhou Bay(LZB).Interannual variation is obvious in all three bays,but the linear decreasing trend is significant only in BHB.2)Three modes are obtained from empirical orthogonal function analysis,namely,single polarity mode with the same sign of anomaly in all of the three bays and strong interannual variability(82.0%),the north–south dipole mode with BHB and LZB showing an opposite sign of anomalies to that in LDB and strong decadal variations(14.5%),and a linear trend mode(3.5%).Critical factors are analyzed and regression equations are established for all the principal components,and then an annual hindcast model is established by synthesizing the results of the three modes.This model provides an annual spatial prediction of the sea ice in the Bohai Sea for the first time,and meets the demand of operational sea ice forecasting.     

储层孔隙度预测与孔隙演化史模拟方法探讨——以辽河拗陷双清地区为例

在成岩作用数值模拟的基础上,通过建立辽河拗陷双清地区不同沉积微相成岩指数ID与储层平均有效孔隙度的相关模型,预测了该地区古近系Es3下储层的孔隙度,恢复了孔隙演化史,确定了有效油、气储层的分布范围。孔隙度预测的结果表明,有效油、气储层分布于孔隙度大于8.5％和5.8％的斜坡区。储层预测平均孔隙度与实测孔隙度之间的绝对误差为2.8％,而研究区储层的填隙物含量在1.2%～45.0%之间,平均为16.9%。由此可见,这种模型可用于填隙物含量较高储层的钻前孔隙度预测和孔隙演化史模拟。孔隙演化史的模拟结果表明,储层孔隙度在埋藏早期主要受沉积相的影响,而在晚期则主要受成岩作用的控制。     

环渤海区域强风过程的气候特征模拟分析

采用欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-interim再分析资料驱动WRF模式,对环渤海区域1981—2012年123次强风过程进行了模拟,并对不同天气系统形势下环渤海区域强风过程的气候特征进行了分析,得到以下结论：1）WRF数值模式可以较好地模拟环渤海区域强风过程的发展演变特征。2）西北路冷锋过程引起的环渤海区域强风强度较其他过程偏强,强风集中在辽东半岛西部、渤海海峡和山东半岛东部。黄河气旋引起的强风过程与冷锋相比,分布特征有着明显的不同,强风主要集中在山东半岛东部及黄海海域,渤海海域的强风相对偏弱。3）强风过程存在明显的季节变化,秋冬季强风持续时间长,风速大,春季次之,夏季最弱。4）强风过程在渤海海域的最大风速呈增加趋势,而在渤海海峡以东海域和山东半岛南部呈减小趋势。     

大气环流客观分型在渤海海峡大风气候特征分析中的应用

应用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型法对渤海海峡1979—2013年逐日海平面气压场进行大气环流客观分型,分析了渤海海峡大风天气与大气环流型的关系;以长岛气象站在渤海海峡大风天气中的指示作用为基础,分析了主要环流型下大风天气的气候特征。结果表明：渤海海峡大风天气以平直环流型为主,偏北型明显多于偏南型;春（夏）季是发生大风天气最多（少）的季节,以西南（SW）型出现频率最高,秋、冬季大风天气的环流型频率分布基本相同,均以偏北型为主;不同环流型下出现大风天气的概率及大风天气的气候特征也有明显不同。     

黄、渤海沿海大风变化特征及影响系统

利用1981—2010年黄、渤海沿海44个气象站大风资料,根据中央气象台对近海海区的划分,分析了近30 a黄、渤海近海5海区大风的气候特征,以及通过天气分型对2008—2012年黄、渤海沿海大风的影响系统进行了统计,结果表明:近30 a黄、渤海沿海5海区日最大风速≥6级和≥8级日数呈递减趋势,1980s大风日数较多,各海区≥6级大风在1981年和1987年前后均有两个峰值。≥6级大风日数随季节变化的峰值,渤海海区出现在春季,黄海南部海区是春季、夏季8月和秋季11月,渤海海峡、黄海北部和中部海区则主要是春季和冬季。渤海海区以偏北风和南南西风为主导风向,与其他海区以北或西北风为主的特征明显不同。冷锋是黄、渤海沿海大风最主要的影响系统,其次是气旋型和高低压型大风。另外以850 h Pa温度平流的强度、冷/暖中心的强度、等温线密集带梯度、地面高/低压强度、地面大风前3 h/24 h最强变压中心强度和地面气压梯度等要素为着眼点,对不同类型的大风指标进行了分析。     

基于点要轴理论的环渤海地区旅游空间结构研究

环渤海地区共157座城市,约占全国城市的四分之一,陆地面积112万平方公里,约占全国国土面积13.31%,总人口2.6亿,占全国总人口22.2%。全区交通便利,人均收入水平高,旅游资源丰富,类型多样,是集山、泉、林、岛、江、河、湖、海为一体的自然景观和古代文明与现代艺术相结合的人文景观构成的旅游大区。点轴系统理论对旅游区域开发研究具有十分重要的指导意义,以环渤海地区为研究对象,使用旅游区位熵和城市流,从理论上分析并归纳了环渤海地区概况,并据此确定了环渤海地区四个等级的重要发展节点,二个等级的旅游发展轴线以及三大旅游区,构建了环渤海地区“点—线—面”的区域旅游空间结构体系,合理的空间结构可以促进全区发展,带动环渤海地区各市旅游业繁荣。     

末次冰期晚期以来地层序列与地质环境特征——渤海南部地区沉积序列研究

就渤海南部末次冰期晚期以来的地层序列与地质环境演化特征,将研究区划分出４个沉积环境区,分别选择４个典型钻孔（ＺＫ１０１,ＺＫ２２８,Ｃ３０５,Ｙ８６）进行了对比研究。选用２７个钻孔联成２８２ｋｍ长的地层剖面,剖面明显反应出郯庐断裂带挽近的运动及现代黄河三角洲体的均衡作用。同时,分析了本区全新世气候及海侵边界层     

渤海湾西北岸泻湖自然演变及其人为陆化

渤海湾西北岸发育有中纬度地区典型的滨外沙坝泻湖及沿岸沙坝泻湖。泻湖不仅是该海岸区域内的一个重要组成部分,同时亦是海岸带自然资源丰富的地带。然而,由于泻湖的自然演变退化,更重要的是人类活动的影响,致使泻湖生境遭到严重破坏,同时也加速了泻湖陆化消亡过程。本文以渤海湾西北岸泻湖为例,讨论了泻湖的自然演变及其人为陆化问题。     

Numerical sea ice prediction in China

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