城市规划管理信息数据库的设计与建立

以某市城市规划地理信息数据库的设计与建立为例,主要阐述了该数据库的功能设计,并通过入库处理,将分层数据导入到对应数据库中。根据数据库设计要求,按空间单元划分存储单元建立各个子数据库,或者将所有数据合并为一个存储单元建立无缝数据库。从而实现图形与属性数据库的建立。     

大连市人工地貌对人口变化的响应分析

文章以大连市为例,研究人口变化与城市人工地貌间的动态关系.研究表明:在城市发展的不同阶段,由于市内外、市内各区间的人口变化影响,使得城市人工地貌体在水平与垂直空间上不断地增长和重组.具体表现在近10年来3个阶段上的过渡,即城市人工地貌的发育模式经历了从"以水平发展为主-水平和垂直复合式发展-以垂直发展为主"的转变过程.对市内4个区人口、建筑面积以及建筑高度变化的相关分析,进一步体现了人口对各类型人工地貌体分布的驱动过程.     

城市边缘区乡村旅游化效应及其意义——以山东日照王家皂村为例

城市发展空间外拓对其边缘区乡村影响较大,旅游化是乡村发展过程中有别于工业化的一种形式.在对山东省日照市王家皂村农户问卷调研所得数据基础上对旅游化的效应进行评价,得出:旅游化使得村民旅游经济收入得以迅速增加;村民就业结构发生较大变化,农村劳动力向单部门经济转移;村民旅游参与意识增强,对旅游经济前景普遍看好;生活环境与质量发生改变,社区问题开始显现;正、负旅游示范效应影响并存,社区社会生态平衡面临挑战等结论,并对旅游化效应的社会意义进行了探讨.     

COOLING RATES, SKY VIEW FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTRA-URBAN AIR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES

Intra‐urban cooling rates were monitored for a year in the centre of Göteborg on the Swedish west coast. Five sites with different building geometry ‐ from dense canyon to open space ‐ within a radius of 300 m were analysed. Results showed two modes of cooling during the night. In the first mode, the cooling was site‐dependent ‐the open space cooled the most and the dense canyon the least. In the second mode, which began about 3–4 hours after sunset, all sites cooled at the same rate. Our hypothesis is that in the early part of the evening both radiative divergence and sensible heat dominate the cooling. However, as the evening progresses, a spatially homogeneous inversion is established which controls the radiative cooling, making the cooling independent of both surface geometry and surface type. From April to November the sites cooled rapidly around sunset and the cooling slowly decreased during the rest of the night. However, between December and March, the cooling was less intense, with an almost constant rate during the entire night. It has been suggested that this might be the result of the draining of stored solar heat during the summer and a continuous flux of anthropogenic heating during the winter.     

Learning about learning: lessons from public engagement and deliberation on urban river restoration

This paper provides a new discussion of how people learn through deliberative processes, drawing upon empirical analysis of a novel public engagement process for urban river restoration. Such critical evaluation is rare and yet will be crucial to both theoretical development and learning about engagement practice, not least in a policy area subject to strong regulatory drivers for public participation. The analysis supports two important learning mechanisms – the use of 'gatekeepers' of knowledge, interests and values, and the privileging of narrative. It provides new evidence of instrumental and communicative learning about shared priorities and criteria for effective river restoration that evolved through the deliberative process and directly informed the restoration scheme. It is important to question whether and how such site or context-specific learning might inform other restoration schemes. Finally, the paper questions the often ignored issue of expert learning, not least the issue of the link between individual and organizational learning.     

Toward micro-scale spatial modeling of gentrification

 A simple preliminary model of gentrification is presented. The model is based on an irregular cellular automaton architecture drawing on the concept of proximal space, which is well suited to the spatial externalities present in housing markets at the local scale. The rent gap hypothesis on which the model's cell transition rules are based is discussed. The model's transition rules are described in detail. Practical difficulties in configuring and initializing the model are described and its typical behavior reported. Prospects for further development of the model are discussed. The current model structure, while inadequate, is well suited to further elaboration and the incorporation of other interesting and relevant effects. Received: 1 November 2001 / Accepted: 12 April 2002 Town centres data were made available by kind permission of the UK Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.     

南京城区夏季低层逆温对人体舒适状况影响初探

利用2000年夏季南京志区地面气象要素和低层探空资料，分析了该夏季南京城区早、晚低层逆温的频率、厚度和强度变化特征，着重从统计角度研究了逆温的厚度、强度与城区地面温度、相对湿度变化的关系及对人体舒适状况的影响。结果表明：低层逆温对城区地面温湿变化及其幅度影响较大，当07时有逆温层时，08时至14时的温度增加幅度变大，相对温度减小幅度也变大，人体不适指数增加幅度变大；当19时有逆温层时，20时至23时温度减小幅度变小，相对湿度增加幅度也变小，人体不适指数减小幅度变小，并通过相关分析建立了人体舒适度指数与逆温强度之间的回归方程。     

Design of the Urban Land Grading Information System

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地质信息可视化的应用——城市环境地质研究之发展方向

随着21世纪人类城市化建设的发展，城市环境地质研究成为水工环地质研究领域的一个重要组成部分，城市建设中的最主要问题是水资源问题和环境地质问题。城市水资源问题有：城市后备水源地的研究，以及应急水资源地和地下水库的研究。城市环境地质问题主要包括：（1）围绕城市建设和发展的一般性资源、地质环境问题；（2）城市地质作用产生的地质环境问题；（3）城市人口密集区及工业区的土壤和水体有机污染问题。解决城市环境地质问题的关键是对地下空间地层岩性及构造条件的研究，通过这些基础条件研究分析城市地质环境和地下水资源问题。可视化研究技术通过对城市地质体在地下空间的相对位置、形态、物化特征等三维构模处理，使这些城市赖以存在的地质基础条件可为非专业的决策层所理解，并在城市发展的规划中体现这些大自然所赋予人类的地下空间资源的价值。应用三维可视化技术对城市环境地质研究是一个全新的研究领域，目前尚没有系统完整的应用先例。三维可视化技术将在城市化环境地质研究中，开拓一个崭新的环境地质研究时代，成为城市环境地质研究的发展方向。     

我国航空客流网络发展及其地域系统研究

“极化”效应是高速交通网络引导客货流演进的空间表象,由此导致空间作用关系的变化和空间结构的演化。轴心—附属式的“轴—辐”空间模式已经成为航空客流网络发展的基本模式。本文以航空客流为分析对象,探讨了我国城市间的相互作用特征,以及高速运输网络发展的社会经济意义。结果表明,我国大陆航空客流的网络体系形成了明显的地域分异现象,产生了以三个一级枢纽为核心的“轴—辐”系统,即北京、广州和上海系统,以及两个相对独立的次级系统——乌鲁木齐和昆明系统;航空客流存在显著的距离衰减规律,绝大部分客流发生的距离在2400km之内;超大城市是航空客流的集聚地,以其为枢纽的航空网络的合理组织具有重大的社会经济意义