Bridging the Divide: The Potential Role of Contemporary Geographical Research in Schools

This article examines the implementation and impacts of a program intended to improve research-led teaching in schools. Little consideration is given to the role of research-led teaching in schools; the argument is that this is a consequence of fractures between schools and universities. A program was developed to bring contemporary geographical research of university scholars into schools. Examining this program, the finding is that being exposed to research: improves access to up-to-date knowledge; heightens student enthusiasm; and informs choices students make about their learning. This article calls for bridges to be built between universities and schools upon the nexus of teaching and research.     

义务教育资源资本化相关研究进展与述评

优质公立义务教育资源对国内城市住房价格具有强烈的资本化效应,引发了相对显著的居住群分现象,已成为公共服务领域的热点问题。既有综述类研究缺乏对教育资源资本化的系统性探讨。论文在对教育资源资本化概念与形成机制进行解析的基础上,从教育资源对住房价格的影响、教育资源资本化计量、教育群分与应对策略3个视角进行述评。首先,分别从学校教育质量的测度及其对住房价格的影响、教育资源可达性的测度及对住房价格的影响2个方面,进行“教育资源对住房价格的影响”相关研究综述。其次,通过对测度教育资源资本化的4类典型方法(特征价格法、边界固定法、工具变量法、双重差分法)、部分典型空间经济计量模型与地理加权回归模型及相关应用进行评述,来梳理“教育资源资本化计量”相关文献。最后,围绕择校或学区政策可能引发的教育群分现象、缓解过度教育群分问题的政策研究,概述“教育群分与应对策略”的研究进展。入学政策效应追踪与评估、缓解教育群分现象的系统研究框架构建、覆盖各学段的教育资源资本化测度、针对各学段更加有效的学校可达性测度方法设计、国内租购同权政策下教育资源资本化的动态变化等,或可成为进一步探讨的方向。     

Secondary school student perspectives on community resilience in Grey District

For a national competition supported by the New Zealand Board of Geography Teachers, secondary school students in years 10–13 were asked to identify and investigate factors that were building community resilience in their home areas, and the entries provided young people's perspectives on how well individuals, families and communities ‘bounce back’, adapt, change and become stronger following an adverse event. This article concerns the findings of students at Greymouth High School. Their entries showed that community resilience in Grey District depended on individual and collective capacity for action. The greater their involvement in community affairs and projects, the more likely individuals and families were to form networks and participate in communal activities. In Greymouth, as elsewhere in New Zealand, membership of voluntary organisations and participation in planning for, and responding to, catastrophic events has helped residents respond effectively in times of adversity and has enhanced community resilience.     

It starts at home? Climate policies targeting household consumption and behavioral decisions are key to low-carbon futures

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy.     

It starts at home? Climate policies targeting household consumption and behavioral decisions are key to low-carbon futures

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy.     

It starts at home? Climate policies targeting household consumption and behavioral decisions are key to low-carbon futures

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy.     

The behavioral response to a corporate carbon offset program: A field experiment on adverse effects and mitigation strategies

More and more organizations are compensating the greenhouse gas emissions caused by their products and services through carbon offset programs. From the customers’ perspective, the mitigation of negative externalities associated with their demand may increase the utility derived from the (then guilt-free) consumption. In particular in settings where consumers do not pay for the marginal cost of consumption, this may lead to higher levels of resource use. This article empirically examines how the announcement of an organizational carbon offset program affects consumption in a CO₂-intensive everyday activity (showering). We further evaluate the provision of real-time feedback as a strategy to counteract potential increases in consumption. For this purpose, we conducted an eight-week randomized controlled natural field experiment in a German youth hostel (full 2 × 2 factorial design; N = 9,999 observations). Consumption in the group with the offset program was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (by 5.4 to 15.5%). However, participants who additionally received real-time feedback on their consumption did not increase their resource use compared to the control group. While the results suggest that carbon offset programs may increase resource use, the findings provide evidence that organizations can counteract these adverse effects by making the individual’s resource use salient.     

学区对住宅价格的影响及其社会空间重构研究——以武汉市武昌区为例

2014、2015年教育部接连发文要求落实“免试就近入学”政策,由此公立初小的入学资格与住房紧密挂钩。在此背景下,初小教育资源如何影响住宅价格,并带来怎样的城市社会空间变化是有意义的科学问题。论文基于安居客、链家、百度开放平台及问卷访谈等数据,综合运用特征价格模型、地理加权回归模型等方法,以武汉市武昌区为实证区域,探索学区对住宅价格的真实影响,并尝试从“空间生产”入手,探究学区引发的城市社会空间重构。研究发现：① 学区特征对住宅价格的影响已超过传统区位、建筑、邻里特征等的影响;② 学区房提供了资本由二级循环进入三级循环的便利路径,形成了学区空间生产与社会空间新分层的宏观基础;③ 微观层面,对优质学区的争夺产生了“学区人”和“学区空间”,进而出现学区飞地,对传统城市社会空间产生影响;④ 不同于“单位人”与“社区人”,“学区人”并不主要依靠职业或收入划分,而是因相似的家庭生命周期发生关联。     

优质学区社区邻里交往特征及其社会空间效应——以南京市银城小学学区为例

优质学区社区作为当前最为活跃的城市社会空间之一,深刻影响着城市社会空间的重构与分异。基于邻里交往的视角,利用针对南京市银城小学学区居民的问卷调查,分析了优质学区社区的邻里交往特征,据此揭示其社会-空间效应。结果表明:(1)作为典型的名校学区社区,银城小学学区的邻里交往表现出低相识度、浅层次、网络化、低认同度、以教育为中心的特点。(2)透过邻里交往讨论优质学区社区的社会-空间特征:居住和交往空间日益成为物质空壳,交往主体和行为成为没有内容和情感支持的“形式”,流动性加剧又引致社会认同锁定在低水平而难以提升。(3)根本上,优质学区社区的社会-空间凸显分离甚至对立的趋势,不断催生学区社区的异化。     

漾濞6.4级地震外廊式教学楼震害调查与分析

外廊式教学楼是中小学校典型的建筑形式。汶川地震后,外廊式教学楼震害引起大量研究人员重视。2021年5月21日21时48分,云南大理州漾濞县发生6.4级地震,本文作者详细调查了位于漾濞县的4所典型框架结构外廊式教学楼,以震害较为严重的漾濞一中和花椒园小学为例,分析了结构各部位发生破坏的原因。以震害现象为佐证,得出以下结论:由于横墙的约束,楼板沿纵向平动,各轴构件的本构关系可在同一坐标系下进行对比分析,结构破坏取决于构件沿纵向的极限位移。并在此基础上,从新的角度探讨了多层建筑的抗震能力。