B2114+022: a distant radio source gravitationally lensed by a starburst galaxy

We have discovered a radio source (B2114+022) with a unique structure during the course of the JVAS gravitational lens survey. VLA, MERLIN, VLBA and MERLIN+EVN radio maps reveal four compact components, in a configuration unlike that of any known lens system, or, for that matter, any of the ∼15 000 radio sources in the JVAS and CLASS surveys. Three of the components are within 0.3 arcsec of each other while the fourth is separated from the group by 2.4 arcsec. The widest separation pair of components have similar radio structures and spectra. The other pair also have similar properties. This latter pair have spectra which peak at ∼5 GHz. Their surface brightnesses are much lower than expected for synchrotron self-absorbed components.
Ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope optical observations show two galaxies ( z =0.3157 and 0.5883) separated by 1.25 arcsec. The lower redshift galaxy has a post-starburst spectrum and lies close to, but not coincident with, the compact group of three radio components. No optical or infrared emission is detected from any of the radio components down to I =25 and H =23 . We argue that the most likely explanation of the B2114+022 system is that the post-starburst galaxy, assisted by the second galaxy, lenses a distant radio source producing the two wide-separation images. The other two radio components are then associated with the post-starburst galaxy. The combination of the angular sizes of these components, their radio spectra and their location with respect to their host galaxy still remains puzzling.     

Reconsidering Melt-water Pulses 1A and 1B： Global Impacts of Rapid Sea-level Rise

Re-evaluation of the post-glacial sea level derived from the Barbados coral-reef borings suggests slightly revised depth ranges and timing of melt-water pulses MWP-1A (96-76m, 14.3-14.0ka cal BP) and 1B (58-45 m, 11.5-11.2ka cal BP), respectively. Ages of non-reef sea-level indicators from the Sunda Shelf, the East China Sea and Yellow Sea for these two intervals are unreliable because of the well-documented radiocarbon (^14C) plateau, but their vertical clustering corresponds closely with MWP-1A and 1B depth ranges. Close correlation of the revised sea-level curve with Greenland ice-core data suggests that the ^14C plateau may be related to oceanographic-atmospheric changes due to rapid sea-level rise, fresh-water input, and impaired ocean circulation. MWP-1A appears to have occurred at the end of Bφlling Warm Transition, suggesting that the rapid sea-level rise may have resulted from lateral heat transport from low to high-latitude regions and subsequent abrupt ice-sheet collapses in both North America-Europe and Antarctica. An around 70 mma^-1 transgression during MWP-1A may have increased freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic by as much as an order of magnitude, thereby disturbing thermohaline circulation and initiating the Older Dryas global cooling.     

黄土-古土壤沉积物中酸溶相硼的分离及其同位素测定

用０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ提取黄土、古土壤中的酸溶相成分,并用混合树脂法和硼特效树脂法两方法叠加以硼进行分离和纯化,Ｃｓ２ＢＯ２＾＋法测同位素比值。结果表明,虽然混合树脂法和硼特效脂法都是较成熟的方法,但用来处理杂质离子含量相对高而硼含量低的样品深液并不成功。两种方法叠加处理后达到理想的效果,重复处理黄土－古土壤样品的精度（２ＲＳＤ）在０．４‰～０．４‰之间,这与标样（ＮＩＳＴ ＳＲＭ９５１）水平（     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

浅论WebGIS的结构

各大城市相继建设WebGIS，欲将GIS应用到社会相关各领域，但GIS的矢量图形操作与海量数据处理对网络交换、实现方式提出了新的要求，本文结合实际，提出WebGIS的建设。     

B/S结构下基于Web Services技术的空间分析方法的研究

文本重点研究了B/S体系结构下WebServices技术在GIS中的应用,分析了其中的关键技术,包括B/S体系结构、WebServices技术,进行了基于WebServices技术的GIS空间分析技术的研究,最后指出了基于WebServices技术的WebGIS发展前景。     

碎屑颗粒裂变径迹热年代学

碎屑颗粒热年代学是以同位素封闭温度理论（Dondson,1973）为依据，以沉积地层中年龄未发生重置的碎屑颗粒为研究对象，从而研究其沉积源区剥露特征及热淀化历史的一种年代学方法。最近20年来，随着测试技术的发展，碎屑颗粒热年代学方法被广泛应用到地质学研究中。在国内，碎屑颗粒热年代学的研究尚处于起步阶段。碎屑颗粒热年代学是否可以成功地应用于地质学研究呢？通过对临夏盆地详细地研究，获得了碎屑颗粒裂变径迹热年代学数据、传统的裂变径迹热年代学数据和生长地层的数据。碎屑颗粒热年代学数据表明，构造活动发生在约8Ma B P，这次构造活动使积石山开始隆升，使临夏盆地和循化盆地解体（郑德文等，2003）。来自积石山的传统的裂变径迹热年代学研究结果和临夏盆地、循化盆地的生长地层研究结果都表明临夏盆地西部的积石山于约8Ma B P开始隆升。这表明碎屑颗粒热年代学可以成功揭示构造活动的信息。     

手持GPS坐标系统转换参数求解方法的探讨

手持GPS使用的坐标系统是WGS-84坐标，在普通测量中，可使用5参数法转换到54北京坐标系或80国家坐标系。首先收集或采集2到3个北京坐标系x、y、B、L、h、ξ值和WGS-84坐标系B、L、H值，根据大地坐标系与空间商角坐标系的转换关系，求取相应三维直角坐标，然后利用参数转换公式求取5个转换参数Dx、Dy、Dz、DA、DF。