Fractal Characteristics of Population Canopy Structure of the Mangrove, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza （L.） Lamk

The fractal characteristics of the canopy structure o! B. gymnorrhiza population are investigated by fractal dimension analysis in the National Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve. The 3-year-old branches have box dimensions between 1.22 and 1.55, showing thecomplexity degree of branching structure and the ability of occupying and utilizing ecological space. It may be considered that fractal dimension provides a useful index for the study of light utilization efficiencies and growth processes of B. gymnorrhiza. Calculated by using the two-surface method, the fractal dimensions for the crown pattern of individuals with ages of 20 to 50 years range from 2.21 to 2.54, indicating that the filling degree of foliage to a tree crown is relatively low and B. gymnorrhiza has the property of a sun plant.Along with the increase of ages of individuals, the filling degree of foliage to a tree crown changes from high to low, and so does the fractal dimeilsion. The box dimensions obtained from the grayscale curves of population canopy are between 1.47 and 1.61. The greater the box dimension, the more loosely organized the canopy spatial structure, and the more the light spots. The canopy structural information and complexity of a population can be effectively captured by box dimensions obtained from canopy grayscale curves.     

草鱼外周血淋巴细胞体外转化诸因素的研究

于１９９３年３月－１９９３年１１月，采自＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ同位素掺入法，分别测定草鱼外周血中淋巴细胞在经两种特异有丝分裂植物凝集素（ＰＨＡ）与金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白Ａ（ＳＰＡ）刺激后发生的Ｔ淋巴细胞与Ｂ淋巴细胞应答转化的平均刺激指数（ＳＩ）的值，经不同浓度的ＰＨＡ与ＳＰＡ刺激的Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞转化实验表明，两种有丝分裂原促Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞应答转化的最适剂量，ＰＨＡ为５００μｇ／ｍｌ，ＳＰＡ为０．０５％，用不同     

系统压力测试和性能分析在气象网站中的应用

介绍B/S系统的压力和性能测试的方法,分析其架构的稳定性、可靠性。通过对浙江三农网(由浙江农网开发,平台部署在信息网络中心)、浙江气象网、浙江农网3个平台进行测试对比,阐述各平台技术架构的优劣。     

AN ASSESSMENT OF CLAST MACROFABRICS IN GLACIGENIC SEDIMENTS BASED ON A/B PLANE DATA

Previous studies of clast macrofabrics in glacigenic deposits have concentrated on A‐axis orientations and dips, and a variety of control samples are available based upon such measurements. Like clast A‐axes, A/B planes will also tend to rotate to parallelism with the direction of shear and therefore should also provide meaningful data on the direction and cumulative impact of shear by the depositing/deforming medium (i.e. glacier ice). The measurement of A/B plane dip and orientation avoids the potential problem of the transverse orientations observed for clast A‐axes and provides poles‐to‐plane data, thereby strengthening the modality of samples and providing clear visual impressions of stress directions. Such data also enable more significant inter‐sample comparisons of fabric strength and clast dip angles, which are significant when assessing the impact of shearing in sediment genesis. We present data on clast A/B plane dip directions and angles from subglacial tills, glacitectonite continuums, subglacially lodged clasts and glacimarine/glacilacustrine deposits using traditional methods of statistical and graphical macrofabric analysis. These sample sets will serve as control data for future macrofabric analyses that utilize A/B planes. The separation of the unequivocally lodged clast component from subglacial till samples allows us to demonstrate the influence of deformation and ploughing in the relative weakening of till fabrics as proposed by some researchers. High angles of A/B plane dip in glacigenic subaqueous deposits appear to be well developed in the glacilacustrine setting investigated here, confirming previous studies based on A‐axis dips, but less convincing in the glacimarine sediments of the Canadian Arctic, thereby widening the range of fabric strengths in subaqueous glacigenic deposits. Significant overlaps of A/B plane fabric shape envelopes reflect the strain history of subglacial and subaqueous depositional environments, which is unsurprising given the hybrid nature of glacigenic deposits, but the statistical isolation of the lodgement component from subglacial traction tills strongly suggests that the continuum of sample plots on modality/isotropy graphs reflects the range of strain histories in glacitectonites and subglacial traction till.     

紫外UV-B辐射增强对麦田蚜虫的影响

观测分析了大田条件下UV—B辐射增强对麦田中麦蚜的影响，结果表明UV—B辐射增强，蚜虫发生总量、小麦植株发生的百分率显著降低，蚜虫在穗部和植株上部叶片的发生概率下降，但蚜虫在叶片背光面发生数量增多，小麦植株的虫害发生概率降低。     

18000年前冰期气候的数值模拟

了解过去环境变化的事实是准确评估当前环境所处的历史位置和预测未来气候变化趋势的前提．本文利用CLIMAP建立的末次冰期的地球表面状况作为下边界条件,用GCM模拟了18000年前冰期全球气候状况．模拟结果显示：冰期全球平均地表气温比现代低约4.9℃,自由大气温度从低层到高层也均有所下降,全球平均降水比现在的少0．25mm／d,相对湿度小10％,平均海平面气压值上升．本模式的模拟结果和其他GCM的模拟结果作了比较,并和地质考古得到的有限的冰期气候资料作了比较,两者基本相符．     

Timing models for the long orbital period binary pulsar PSR B1259–63

The pulsar PSR B1259–63 is in a highly eccentric 3.4-yr orbit with the Be star SS 2883. Timing observations of this pulsar, made over a 7-yr period using the Parkes 64-m radio telescope, cover two periastron passages, in 1990 August and 1994 January. The timing data cannot be fitted by the normal pulsar and Keplerian binary parameters. A timing solution including a (non-precessing) Keplerian orbit and timing noise (represented as a polynomial of fifth order in time) provides a satisfactory fit to the data. However, because the Be star probably has a significant quadrupole moment, we prefer to interpret the data by a combination of timing noise, dominated by a cubic phase term, and ω^. and x ^. terms. We show that the ω^. and x ^. terms are likely to be a result of a precessing orbit caused by the quadrupole moment of the tilted companion star. We further rule out a number of possible physical effects which could contribute to the timing data of PSR B1259–63 on a measurable level.     

An upscaling method for one‐phase flow in heterogeneous reservoirs. A weighted output least squares (WOLS) approach

In this paper we study the problem of determining the effective permeability on a coarse scale level of problems with strongly varying and discontinuous coefficients defined on a fine scale. The upscaled permeability is defined as the solution of an optimization problem, where the difference between the fine scale and the coarse scale velocity field is minimized. We show that it is not necessary to solve the fine scale pressure equation in order to minimize the associated cost‐functional. Furthermore, we derive a simple technique for computing the derivatives of the cost‐functional needed in the fix‐point iteration used to compute the optimal permeability on the coarse mesh. Finally, the method is illustrated by several analytical examples and numerical experiments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小型蒸发器对E-601B蒸发器的折算系数

为了便于将过去40多年的小型蒸发器观测资料与E-601B蒸发器观测资料衔接使用，对全国618个基准和基本站直径20 cm小型蒸发器与E-601B蒸发器3年平行对比观测结果进行了统计，按省（市）给出了这两种仪器的月、年平均折算系数值及年折算系数的全国分布图，并给出了相应的标准差和相对标准差。     

时程分析中设计地震动调整的小波分析方法

本文应用小波分析核心内容之一的多分辨率分析和Mallat算法，提出一种全新的设计地震动调整方法。调整后的地震动既能满足频谱组成的要求，又能反映频谱组成随时间的变化。