月球重力场模型GL0660B特征分析及其对绕月卫星轨道的影响

月球重力场可用来研究月球演化过程和内部结构,是影响绕月卫星精密定轨的重要因素。基于GRAIL任务数据解算的GL0660B重力场模型,极大提高了月球重力场空间频谱信号的强度和范围。本文首先通过计算相应重力场的阶方差和地形相关性分析,对GL0660B模型进行了精度分析;其次,利用GL0660B模型和其他几个月球重力场模型进行比较,对月球重力场的特征进行了分析;然后通过绘制GL0660B模型和LP150Q模型在月球外部不同高度处的重力异常图,分析比较了月球重力场模型在不同高度上所反映的月球重力场的特征和差异;最后,利用GEODYN软件模拟计算了不同高度卫星的轨道变化。可以看出绕月卫星离心率随时间的变化,以及周期性变化趋势,而且不同高度卫星轨道处质量瘤的摄动影响不同,远月点、近月点和偏心率的变化也存在差异。     

Fusion of HJ1B and ALOS PALSAR data for land cover classification using machine learning methods

Image classification from remote sensing is becoming increasingly urgent for monitoring environmental changes. Exploring effective algorithms to increase classification accuracy is critical. This paper explores the use of multispectral HJ1B and ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) PALSAR L-band (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) for land cover classification using learning-based algorithms. Pixel-based and object-based image analysis approaches for classifying HJ1B data and the HJ1B and ALOS/PALSAR fused-images were compared using two machine learning algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), to test which algorithm can achieve the best classification accuracy in arid and semiarid regions. The overall accuracies of the pixel-based (Fused data: 79.0%; HJ1B data: 81.46%) and object-based classifications (Fused data: 80.0%; HJ1B data: 76.9%) were relatively close when using the SVM classifier. The pixel-based classification achieved a high overall accuracy (85.5%) using the RF algorithm for classifying the fused data, whereas the RF classifier using the object-based image analysis produced a lower overall accuracy (70.2%). The study demonstrates that the pixel-based classification utilized fewer variables and performed relatively better than the object-based classification using HJ1B imagery and the fused data. Generally, the integration of the HJ1B and ALOS/PALSAR imagery can improve the overall accuracy of 5.7% using the pixel-based image analysis and RF classifier.     

北斗多频伪距单点定位精度分析

针对北斗卫星伪距定位研究较少的现状,该文分析了北斗B1、B2和B3的伪距质量,给出了采用不同频点伪距定位时需考虑的因素,探讨了使用广播星历时北斗多频伪距单点定位的定位性能。结果表明,B3频点的伪距多路径效应和观测噪声优于B1和B2;单频定位时,各频点定位平面精度优于5m,高程精度优于10m,且B1的定位精度最高;双频定位时,B1/B2无电离层组合的定位性能略高于B1/B3,平面精度优于3m,高程精度优于5m,并且B2/B3的噪声太大,不适用于导航定位。     

HJ-1B卫星遥感影像的积雪识别

针对国产卫星HJ-1B数据积雪像元识别的问题,该文分析了归一化差分积雪指数法和改进的归一化差分积雪指数法的优缺点,并根据积雪与其他地物的光谱特征变化幅度的差异性,提出了一个仅用HJ-CCD数据作为数据源的积雪识别方法。实验中,选取了两块不同特征的影像进行试验,以神经网络分类结合目视解译方法的提取结果作为标准进行精度评价。结果表明,该文提出的方法操作简单,能快速、准确地识别区域积雪覆盖面积。     

The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves in “HJ-1A/B” CCD sun glitter images

The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves appearing in the small satellite constellation for environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting("HJ-1A/B") CCD sun glitter images can affect the observation and depth inversion of sand wave topography. The simulations of the normalized sun glitter radiance on the submarine sand waves confirm that the reversal would happen at a specific sensor viewing angle, defined as the critical angle. The difference between the calculated critical angle position and the reversal position in the image is about 1, which is excellent in agreement. Both the simulation and actual image show that sand wave crests would be indistinct at the reversal position, which may cause problems when using these sun glitter images to analyze spatial characteristics and migration of sand waves. When using the sun glitter image to obtain the depth inversion, one should take the advantage of image properties of sand waves and choose the location in between the reversal position and the brightest position. It is also necessary to pay attention to the brightness reversal when using "HJ-1A/B" CCD images to analyze other oceanic features, such as internal waves, oil slicks, eddies, and ship wakes.     

基于GIS的ATM业务管理原型系统设计与实现

针对目前ATM自动柜员机(以下简称ATM)业务管理的不足,提出运用GIS技术和计算机技术,设计并实现了ATM业务管理原型系统,将ATM主要业务集中到统一平台上。阐述了该系统的开发环境、功能模块设计和关键技术。实际使用表明,该系统能提供了ATM布点选址的调查、筛选与评估决策,并对其运营与维护进行有效管理。     

基于交通基础地理信息的网络发布研究与实现

近年来随着WebGIS技术的日趋成熟,采用WebGIS技术管理空间数据并进行网络发布,供用户快速查询与使用,实现空间信息的网络共享,为空间数据的充分利用和可视化表达提供了一种有效的解决方案。本文以北京市交通地理信息系统开发为例,探讨了交通基础地理信息的网络发布平台构架设计与实现过程,并针对系统关键技术的原理及实现进行了详细阐述,构建了以J2EE为核心,基于ArcIMS的空间信息服务框架体系,是WebGIS技术在交通领域的集成应用。     

基于RS和GIS的黑龙江省积雪时空变化研究

以黑龙江省为研究区域,以风云三号气象卫星遥感数据资料为基础,通过对FY－3 A和FY－3 B的VIRR波段特性的深入分析,对2013～2015年多期FY－3A和FY－3B的VIRR遥感影像提取出黑龙江省多期积雪数据,进行黑龙江省积雪时空变化监测研究,结合RS和GIS技术对其进行了分析并得出结论,对了解其时空分布特征及变化规律,对于促进该区的工农业生产和生态环境保护都具有十分重要的意义。     

A Rapid Method for Determining Boron Concentration (ID‐ICP‐MS) and δ11B (MC‐ICP‐MS) in Vegetation Samples after Microwave Digestion and Cation Exchange Chemical Purification

We present in this article a rapid method for B extraction, purification and accurate B concentration and δ¹¹B measurements by ID‐ICP‐MS and MC‐ICP‐MS, respectively, in different vegetation samples (bark, wood and tree leaves). We developed a rapid three‐step procedure including (1) microwave digestion, (2) cation exchange chromatography and (3) microsublimation. The entire procedure can be performed in a single working day and has shown to allow full B recovery yield and a measurement repeatability as low as 0.36‰ (± 2s) for isotope ratios. Uncertainties mostly originate from the cation exchange step but are independent of the nature of the vegetation sample. For δ¹¹B determination by MC‐ICP‐MS, the effect of chemical impurities in the loading sample solution has shown to be critical if the dissolved load exceeds 5 μg g^?1 of total salts or 25 μg g^?1 of DOC. Our results also demonstrate that the acid concentration in the sample loading solution can also induce critical isotopic bias by MC‐ICP‐MS if chemistry of the rinsing‐, bracketing calibrator‐ and sample solutions is not thoroughly adjusted. We applied this method to provide a series of δ¹¹B values of vegetal reference materials (NIST SRM 1570a = 25.74 ± 0.21‰; NIST 1547 = 40.12 ± 0.21‰; B2273 = 4.56 ± 0.15‰; BCR 060 = ?8.72 ± 0.16‰; NCS DC73349 = 16.43 ± 0.12‰).     

The Impacts of Climate Change on the Autumn North Atlantic Wave Climate

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the impact of global warming induced by possible climate change on the autumn winds, the related storm climate, and the wave climate over the North Atlantic Ocean. These analyses are based on a third-generation wave model, WAVEWATCHIII? and dynamically downscaled winds, obtained from the Canadian Regional Climate Model driven by the third version of the Coupled Global Climate Model (T47) from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis following the A1B climate change scenario of the Special Report on Emission Scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Compared with the present wave climate, represented as 1970–1999, the significant wave heights in the northeast North Atlantic will increase, whereas in other areas, such as the mid-latitudes, they will decrease, with associated changes in winds in the future climate (2040–2069). An analysis of inverse wave ages is used to suggest that wind-driven wave regimes tend to occur more frequently in the northeast North Atlantic and decrease in the mid-latitudes in the climate change scenario. The dominant North Atlantic storm-track region is estimated to shift northward, especially over the northern Northeast Atlantic, where the frequency of occurrence of the most intense cyclones is estimated to increase. We suggest that changes in storm densities are related to changes in the upper level steering flow in the atmosphere, which are the precursor to changes in the winds and ocean waves.