库车镇发展规划初探

本文通过分析库车镇的地位、职能及其城镇格局的演化过程，就库车镇发展规划中的一些问题进行了初步的探讨。     

基于EPS平台1∶10000图库一体化数据质检方案的探讨

针对1∶10 000图库一体化数据的要求,对图库一体化数据质检过程进行了研究,同时依据EPS工作平台的特点,对质检环节进行分步,分类检查,制订了一套详细的质检方案,并总结了方案制作和实施过程中需要注意的问题及解决问题的方法及技巧。     

基于暴雨内涝灾害情景推演的北京市应急救援方案评估与决策优化

城市自然灾害的情景推演与应急方案的动态预评估是优化应急决策的重要支撑。然而,传统的应急救援方案评估往往基于有限信息进行时间片段式的情景推演并采用应急方案的灾后评估。本文在构建基于内涝水淹模型和多智能体城市路况模型的全链条、多维度灾害情景推演方案的基础上,实施不同应急救援目标导向下多时间刻度的应急救援方案预评估,重点从受损车辆规模和遭受安全威胁人数定量评估基于救援人数、救援时间和救援空间布局原则的应急方案优劣,为灾害情景推演方案和应急决策优化提供了一种新的思路与解决方案。基于救援人数规模的应急方案表明,救援力量将优先布局在风险指数高企的区域,包括北蜂窝路、南蜂窝路、广莲路以及莲花桥等路段。在现实情况中及时参加的救援力量往往有限,此类根据不同救援力量数量的空间指向将对最优的救援决策起到关键作用。同时,研究也应证了救援力量多寡在应急事件处置中的基础性地位。基于救援启动时间的应急方案中得出,最优的救援启动时间在45 min到75 min之间,适时的救援启动可以有效规避过早启动导致的救援空间配置不当和过晚启动导致的救援失效两类问题。不同救援空间布局原则有着迥异的救援力量空间配置特点和最优运用条件。     

Ten best practices to strengthen stewardship and sharing of water science data in Canada

Water science data are a valuable asset that both underpins the original research project and bolsters new research questions, particularly in view of the increasingly complex water issues facing Canada and the world. Whilst there is general support for making data more broadly accessible, and a number of water science journals and funding agencies have adopted policies that require researchers to share data in accordance with the findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) principles, there are still questions about effective management of data to protect their usefulness over time. Incorporating data management practices and standards at the outset of a water science research project will enable researchers to efficiently locate, analyse and use data throughout the project lifecycle, and will ensure the data maintain their value after the project has ended. Here, some common misconceptions about data management are highlighted, along with insights and practical advice to assist established and early career water science researchers as they integrate data management best practices and tools into their research. Freely available tools and training opportunities made available in Canada through Global Water Futures, The Gordon Foundation DataStream, the Digital Research Alliance of Canada Portage Network, Compute Canada, and university libraries, among others are compiled. These include webinars, training videos, and individual support for the water science community that together enable researchers to protect their data assets and meet the expectations of journals and funders. The perspectives shared here have been developed as part of the Global Water Futures programme's efforts to improve data management and promote the use of common data practices and standards in the context of water science in Canada. Ten best practices are proposed that may be broadly applicable to other disciplines in the natural sciences and can be adopted and adapted globally.     

基于“卓越计划”的测绘工程专业GIS教学体系研究与实践

目前,全国各高校正处于以“卓越计划”为载体,迎接创新工程本科应用型人才培养的教育教学改革与发展的转型阶段。测绘学科正在向信息化测绘新阶段转化与跨越,对于测绘工程专业而言,信息化测绘要求测绘工程专业强化GIS知识和技能。文中从GIS与测绘工程专业关系人手,说明GIS在测绘人才培养中的地位,分析GIS教学体系与测绘人才需求的矛盾,并以黑龙江工程学院测绘工程专业建设实践为例,阐述面向“卓越计划”的测绘工程专业GIS教学体系的初步构想。     

土地利用规划数据库建设技术探讨

土地利用规划数据库建设是新一轮土地利用规划的核心,为了实现土地信息处理及管理自动化,提高土地管理信息化水平,需要建立覆盖全行政区范围内的、实用性强的、便于更新的土地利用规划数据库,这对于统筹土地利用与经济社会协调发展,合理安排各行各业用地,实现土地资源可持续利用具有重要意义。     

Assessing regional differences in predation of endangered species: Implications from Texas populations of the endangered star cactus (Astrophytum asterias)

Understanding threats to endangered species is one of the most critical components of implementing a successful recovery plan. For the endangered star cactus Astrophytum asterias, both mammalian and insect herbivory have been documented as a major threat to populations in Mexico. Herein, we focus on populations of A. asterias in Texas, examining how mortality threats differ from populations found in Mexico as well as among sites within Texas. Our study supports insect and mammalian herbivory as a major threat to A. asterias in Texas, with reductions in population sizes ranging between 16 and 54%. However, our study highlights that both regional and local differences can influence rates of mortality even in a range-restricted species such as A. asterias and highlights the need to assess threats at both of these levels for effective development and implementation of endangered species recovery plans.     

Formation of point bars through rising and falling flood stages: Evidence from bar morphology,sediment transport and bed shear stress

Flow processes and sediment transport in a channel bend and associated point bar have been studied in modern rivers, theoretical models and physical experiments: however, the relationship between flow process and point‐bar morphology has rarely been explained due to the complex nature of open channel flow. Plan‐view exposures of an ancient point‐bar complex, exposed at the top of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation, south‐central Utah, allowed reconstruction of bar morphology, sediment transport and bed shear stress, which were used to extrapolate flow processes. Studies of these outcrops show that compound point bars and scroll bars were probably formed during falling and rising flood stages, respectively. A simulation model of plan‐view channel form shows that channel dimensions, such as radius of curvature and sinuosity of the point‐bar complex, range between 205 m and 351 m and 1·04 and 1·22, respectively, throughout the evolution of the channel bend. Variations in strength of the helical flow were interpreted as the main control on facies architecture and bar morphology. Strong helical flow was related to the deposition of the scroll bars, while strength of helical flow is decreased for compound bars. The use of cross‐beds as a common palaeocurrent indicator was found to be inconsistent with mean flow directions and channel margin orientation.     

国际地球参考框架建立与维持的研究进展

针对现代大地测量学对毫米级国际地球参考框架的需求,该文简单回顾了国际地球参考框架的发展概况,系统地介绍了国际地球参考框架建立方法及基准约束的演变情况;在此基础上,详细阐述了两种国际地球参考框架维持方法,即线性模型和非线性模型维持方法的框架点坐标位移模型改进情况、地球质心运动模型改进情况,及监测网和并置站的布设情况;最后,给出了国际地球参考框架的改进计划,指出了动态实时维持是下一步的研究重点,对参考框架维持方法的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于《不动产权籍调查技术方案(试行)》的相关问题探析

不动产权籍调查测绘工作是不动产登记的基础,不动产权籍调查测绘相关技术规范和标准则是顺利开展不动产权籍调查测绘工作的重要保证。本文针对《不动产权籍调查技术方案(试行)》涉及的测绘基准、宗地图和房产分户图的相关问题进行探析,建议应一步到位,统一采用2000国家大地坐标系等测绘基准,按不动产单元编码方法统一宗地图与房产分户图中的房屋幢号,完善宗地图和房产分户图的内容,使不动产权籍调查测绘成果更具科学性、实用性、权威性、法定性和协调性,打牢不动产登记的技术根基,促进不动产登记"四统一"工作。