原状Q2黄土三轴剪切细观结构演化定量研究

基于非饱和原状Q2黄土CT-三轴剪切试验得到的结构演化清晰的CT图像及CT数据,提出利用CT数随偏应力的关系确定屈服应力的新方法。基于CT数定义了结构性参数和结构演化变量;分析了结构演化变量与净围压和吸力的关系,相对于应变（包括偏应变和体应变）,当吸力相同时,净围压越大,结构演化变量值越大;当净围压相同时,吸力越大,结构演化变量值越小。建立了非饱和原状Q2黄土三轴剪切过程的结构演化方程,该方程为结构演化变量与偏应变和体应变的关系,能同时反映净围压和吸力等对结构演化的影响。利用提出的结构演化方程对试验数据进行拟合,拟合结果较理想。     

真三轴条件下Q2黄土的破坏模式与强度特性研究

基于西安理工大学自主研发的新型真三轴试验仪,对不同含水率Q2黄土在不同b值、不同固结围压条件下进行了真三轴试验研究,分析了真三轴试样破坏方式、中主应力对抗剪强度参数的影响以及π平面上的强度破坏面。结果表明,Q2黄土真三轴试样破坏方式主要有侧胀破坏、锥形破坏、梯形破坏、六边形破坏;不同b值应力路经条件下黏聚力与三轴压缩条件下黏聚力的比值在0.9～1.9之间,内摩擦角比值在0.7～1.5之间。土的结构性和土体破坏方式对π平面上的强度破坏面的形状影响较大,固结围压对π平面上的强度破坏面的大小影响较大;原状Q2黄土在π平面上的强度破坏面形状主要呈现梨形和轴对称六边形;随着结构性由强到弱,π平面上的强度破坏面形状由梨形向轴对称六边形变化。     

末次间冰期以来渭南黄土剖面高分辨率古气候时间标尺

利用细颗粒热释光技术对渭南剖面重要地层界线处的 7个样品进行了年龄测定 ,并在此基础上 ,结合已发表数据利用多项式回归方法建立了渭南剖面高分辨率的古气候时间标尺 ,其中S0 /L1- 1,L1- 1/L1- 2 ,L1- 4/L1- 5 ,L1- 5 /S1,S1/L2的界线年龄分别为 1.1,2 .5 ,5 .1,7.6 ,12 .8ka ,除了L1- 4/L1- 5的界线年龄与氧同位素 3阶段的起始年龄差距较大之外 ,它们与SPECMAP深海氧同位素 5以上各阶段的界线年龄可进行较好的对比 ,而L1- 4/L1- 5的界线年龄与北太平洋风尘记录的氧同位素年龄却有很好的一致性 .     

The Coastal Zone Loess of the Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province

This Paper discusses the origin of the Coastal Zone Loess on the Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province.The loess is composed mainly of proximal materials transported by low-altitude air flow and less commonly ofinland distal materials carried by high-altitude air flow. The main provenance is the Liaodong Bay. When thesea level declined during glacial period, the bottoms of the Liaodong Bay and Bohai Sea emerged, wheredesertization occurred. As a result, submarine sediments were transported by strong northwesterly winds to theeastern coastal zone of the peninsula and deposited there. These materials mixed with the windblown dust car-ried by atmospheric circulation from the interior of the continent, forming the loess.     

山西黄土塬区三维地震勘探的实际应用

寿阳平头镇三维地震勘探区位于寿阳-阳泉构造堆积盆地的西北部，属黄土丘陵地貌，梁、峁比较发育，相对高差一般在30～50m。本区第四系覆盖较厚，纵横向变化大，且该地层中夹有砾石层和钙质结核层，难以成孔。地震激发与接收困难较大。通过多次的试验工作，最终确定采用变观措施来解决表浅层地震地质条件极差问题：避开黄土覆盖较厚地段，将炮点变观到较薄地段或者是基岩出露地段，并尽可能加深炮孔到理想激发层位。通过变观处理，记录品质明显提高。     

甘肃省黄土丘陵地带森林植被对水资源的影响

通过对甘肃省黄土丘陵地带森林植被区与裸露的黄土丘陵区若干流域水文资料的分析,说明该区植被有利于增加降水量.对暴雨洪水及年径流也有明显的调节作用.同时,对改善区域小气候、保持水土、涵养水源效果显著.     

泥河湾盆地剖面顶部黄土沉积及其古地理意义

选取泥河湾盆地郝家台、小长梁和东谷坨三个典型剖面顶部的黄土沉积进行磁化率和粒度特征的研究，以期揭示盆地晚更新世以来的古地理状况。结果表明，黄土沉积可以划分为S1、L1和S0三层，与我国西北地区典型剖面的黄土堆积和深海氧同位素阶段MIS1-MIS5可以很好的对比。它记录了这一地区130Ka.B.P.以来至少千年尺度的气候和环境变化历史，也说明这一地区对东亚季风气候的变化是十分敏感的。剖面黄土沉积说明盆地在更新世晚期的发育具有差异性，由于断块抬升作用使盆地西部继续接受湖相沉积，而东部则湖盆消失，接受黄土堆积。这些初步成果对研究盆地晚更新世时期的演化具有重要意义。     

The Paleo－Environmental Significance of Sr and Ca Contained in Acid－Soluble Fraction of Plateau Loess Deposits in Xining Basin

The Xining Basin,located on northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,is adjacent to the Qaidam Bsim and Gobi-desert.Therefore,thick,integrated deposits of loess or paleo-sol sequence were well developed.As is well known,there is much paleo-environmental information recorded in loess and plaeo-sol.So if we deal with paleo-environmental index from different an gles ,especially from loess geochemistry,some important and detailed paleo-environmental evolutional information will be acquired.Based on this,the authors determined the contents of Sr and Ca contained in acid-soluble fraction from the bottom to the top of the Panzishan section.This section was obtained through making a well about 17 m in depth,including S1 paleo-sol that was developed during the last interglacial period.According to the results,it is found that variations in contents of Sr and Ca are well correlated with conversion of loess and paleo-sol.In loess deposits,the contents of Sr and Ca are higher than those in paleo-sol deposits.It is known that loess was deposited under cold-dry climate conditions and paleo-sol was developed during warm-humid climate episodes.It is concluded that due to their mobile behaviors,under cold-dry climate conditions,Sr and Ca are stagnant during weak weathering,but under warm-humid climate conditions,Sr and Ca are easily leached and transported in aqueous solution.Therefore,they can be utilized as indicatiors of climate changes.Moreover,variations in contents of Sr and Ca are more sensitive than susceptibility.The mobile behaviors of Sr and Ca contained in acid-soluble fraction can serve as a new quantitative index to evaluate paleo-environmental changes on the plateau.     

马兰黄土动强度及其微结构变化实验

黄土斜坡灾害已经成为黄土地区农村城镇化及交通建设的瓶颈,是当前地质灾害领域的研究热点.因震(振)动影响而降低黄土强度、改变黄土自身结构形态的研究是揭示黄土斜坡灾变机理的基础.基于GDS试验系统,采用应变控制等效正弦波逐级加载方式,进行马兰黄土动三轴试验;利用扫描电镜,观察马兰黄土试验前后微结构变化.试验结果表明:马兰黄...     

原状非饱和黄土的三轴试验研究

利用特制的非饱和土三轴仪器,对不同含水量条件下原状非饱和黄土的强度和土-水特征曲线进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：非饱和黄土的抗剪强度随着含水量的不同而不同,含水量越大,非饱和黄土的基质吸力就越小,抗剪强度亦越小。含水量趋于饱和时,非饱和黄土的抗剪强度值逐渐接近于饱和黄土的强度值。原状非饱和黄土的抗剪强度均高于饱和黄土的抗剪强度。非饱和黄土的内摩擦角受含水量的影响不大。凝聚力受含水量的影响很大,含水率越大,基质吸力越小,总凝聚力越小。根据实验结果,提出了非饱和土的抗剪强度模型,该模型易于确定,与实测基本吻合,误差较小,满足非饱和黄土的强度计算要求。