我国城市更新中的权益博弈研究述评

城市更新是城市发展的一种重要方式,其关键和难点在于平衡利益相关者之间的权益博弈。在城市化快速发展时期,我国便出现了大规模的城市更新,这使得我国城市更新中的权益博弈形成了独特的模式与特征,较之于西方发达国家也更加复杂。文章认为随着我国城市更新研究的不断深入,在权益博弈研究领域取得了一定的成果,但也存在一些问题与不足,如对博弈主体间的关系研究不足、对城市更新中的“社会运动”现象研究不够,未来的研究需要综合运用多学科理论,注重典型个案的深入研究,逐步构建出合乎中国国情的城市更新权益博弈理论。     

A call for Australian loess: discussion and commentary

A study of loess in Australia brings the idea of 'desert' loess back into view. Production of particles in deserts still presents problems, but deserts do make adequate storage regions for loess particles – usually produced in adjacent mountains. Straightforward for Central Asia or China (a particle source in High Asia and convenient deserts en route to eventual deposition), but the Sahara and Australian deserts traditionally present problems. If loess material is allowed to be silt-sized clay agglomerate particles as well as the usual clastic primary minerals, then loess in Australia seems reasonable. Loess acquires its remarkable loessic qualities via aeolian deposition – the nature of the particles is perhaps of lesser importance. A more generalised approach to airborne sediments might be attempted, with two major types of suspension material recognised: large dust (maybe coarse and very coarse silt, say 20–60 µm, or perhaps 4–6 phi) and small dust (fine and very fine silt, 2–8 µm, 7–9 phi). Loess is made from large dust.     

Cost Shifting in Australian Local Government: an analysis of the spatial impact of pensioner rate concession rebates in New South Wales,Australia

The problem of cost shifting from higher tiers of government to local councils in Australia is widely recognised and has been investigated by several official inquiries. However, it has thus far been difficult to gather reliable estimates of the magnitude of the problem. Quite apart from the taxing definitional and data problems associated with the phenomenon, these difficulties have been compounded by the fact that very few attempts have been made to measure the impact of specific instances of cost shifting in Australian local government, especially its spatial impact. In an attempt to remedy this neglect, this paper seeks to measure the spatial effects of pensioner rate concession rebates on local councils in New South Wales.     

枣庄市国土资源局山亭分局扎实开展民主评议政风行风工作

民主评议政风行风是促进单位部门转变职能、提高效率、优化服务的重要举措。山亭国土资源分局以民主评议政风行风为契机,通过"五个结合",实现了服务质量和工作效率的"三个转变",得到了社会各界的好评。     

Commonwealth Urban Policy in Australia: the case of inner urban regeneration in Sydney, 1973–75

Urban regeneration has intermittently been identified within Commonwealth policy circles as central to the functioning of Australian cities since the 1940s. This paper adds to existing knowledge by exploring the role of the Commonwealth Department of Urban and Regional Development (DURD) in the 1970s in facilitating a series of urban regeneration projects in Sydney. Drawing upon ministerial correspondence and minutes recently out of confidential embargo, the genesis of a holistic urban regeneration agenda is explored. The paper traces the approaches to Commonwealth intervention at a time marked by disillusionment with the comprehensive redevelopment paradigm. It explores the relationships and tensions apparent between and within different levels of government in establishing a Commonwealth presence, focusing on three inner city neighbourhoods: Waterloo, Glebe and Woolloomooloo. The significance of the interventions is considered to lie primarily in the pioneering of an all-of-government approach to urban governance.     

电子政务空间辅助决策系统的应用开发

随着电子政务的快速发展,空间辅助决策系统已成为其重要组成部分。本文着重分析服务于政府领导的电子政务空间辅助决策支持系统应具备的信息特征和服务模式,提出了解决方案及电子政务空间辅助决策系统的应用框架。并简要介绍了基于该框架的几个应用系统。     

Spatial dimensions of New Zealand's environmental management

New Zealand's regional council boundaries drawn as part of the 1989 local government reforms privilege integrated catchment management. This privilege is now challenged by calls to both fragment and amalgamate councils and centralise decision‐making but with little analytic assessment of the spatial differentiation to support them. The spatial underpinnings of these calls were explored using a case study that assessed the spatial dimensions of environment management. Analysis of the Land Environments and River Environment Classification databases and councils' planning documents highlights challenges local governments face in applying integrated natural resource management within single purpose jurisdictions and implications for wider sustainable development policy.     

Public Targets,Private Choices: Urban Climate Governance in the Pacific Northwest

A survey of local governments participating in two urban climate change programs is presented to determine the mechanisms used to reach emissions reduction goals and the motivations for participation. Results support previous research that shows a preference for policies that rely on changes in individual behavior, while also providing new insights into how mitigation responsibilities are distributed among the public and private sector and the relative importance of scientific consensus, economic incentives, and federal inaction on local government justification for climate-related policies. The article concludes with a discussion of urban climate governance as part of a wider system of neoliberal climate governance.     

Green Costs,Red Ink: Determinants of Municipal Defensive Expenditures inOntario

Book reviews are in these Articles.

Understanding Peasant Agriculture: An Integrated Land-Use Model for the Punjab Joseph H. Astroth, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago, Committee on Geographical Studies, 1990. (Geography Research Paper No. 223). ix and 173 pp., maps, photos, figs., apps., biblio., and index; $12.00 paper (ISBN 0-89065-127-2).

National Integration in Indonesia: Patterns and Policies Christine Drake. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989. xvi and 354 pp., maps, diags., tables, index, and biblio. $35.00 cloth ISBN 0-8248- 1229-8).

Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size. Masahisa Fujita. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. x and 366 pp., diag., graphs, biblio. notes, append, biblio., index. $65.00 cloth (ISBN 0-521-34662-2).

The Sugar Cane Industry: An Historical Geography from Its Origins to 1914. J. H. Galloway. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xiii and 266 pp., maps, tables, diags., index, and biblio. $44.50 cloth (ISBN 0-521-24853-1).

Government Policy and Industrial Change. David Gibbs, ED. New York: Routledge, 1989. xvi and 317 pp., 15 figs., 53 tables, index, and biblio. $59.95 cloth (ISBN 0-415-01032-2).

English Agriculture: An Historical Perspective. David Grigg. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1989. vii and 256 pp. $60.00 cloth (ISBN 0-631-16033-7).

London 2001. Peter Hall. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. xii and 226 pp., maps, diags., index, and biblio. $34.95 cloth (ISBN 0-04-4451 61 -X).

The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography. Ruth Kark, ED. Translated from the Hebrew by Michael Gordon. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University and New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990. x and 332 pp., maps, diags., plates. $27.50 cloth (ISBN 0-300- 04718-5).

Die Farmer-Genossenschaften in den USA – Eine agrargeographie Untersuchung. Werner Klohn. Vechta, Federal Republic of Germany: Vechtaer Druckerei, 1990. Vechtaer Arbeiten zur Geographie und Regionalwissenschaft, Band 9. 285 pp., maps, photos, diags., and biblio. 39.80 DM paper (ISBN 3-88441-083-0).

Agricultural Development in Japan: The Land Improvement District in Concept and Practice. Gil Latz. Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press, 1989. vii and 135 pp., maps, diags., index, and biblio. $12.00 paper (ISBN 0-89065-129-9).

Land Use Planning Made Plain. Hok Lin Leung. Kingston, Ontario: Ronald P. Frye &; Company, 1989. xv and 237 pp., maps, diags., tables, append., index, and refs. $19.95 paper (ISBN 0-919741-98-3).

Computers in Geography. David J. Maguire. New York: Halsted Press, 1989. xv and 248 pp., maps, photos, diags., index, and biblio. $31.95 paper (ISBN 0-470-21 194-6).

Maps with the News: The Development of American Journalistic Cartography. Mark Monmonier. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1989. xii and 331 pp., maps, illus., index, and biblio. $24.95 cloth (ISBN 0-226-53411-1).

Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling. C. Dana Tomlin. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990. xviii and 249 pp., maps, diags., review questions, selected readings, appendix, index, $44.20 cloth (ISBN 0-13-350927-3).     

Local‐government data sharing: Evaluating the foundations of spatial data infrastructures

This paper presents a typology of local‐government data sharing arrangements in the US at a time when spatial data infrastructures (SDI) are moving into a second generation. In the first generation, the US National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) theoretically involved a pyramid of data integration resting on local‐government data sharing. Availability of local‐government data is the foundation for all SDI‐related data sharing in this model. However, first‐generation SDI data‐sharing activities and principles have gained only a tenuous hold in local governments. Some formalized data sharing occurs, but only infrequently in response to SDI programmes and policies. Previous research suggests that local‐government data sharing aligns with immediate organizational and practical concerns rather than state or national policies and programmes. We present research findings echoing extending these findings to show that local‐government data sharing is largely informal in nature and is undertaken to support existing governmental activities. NSDI principles remain simply irrelevant for the majority of surveyed local governments. The typology we present distinguishes four distinct types of local‐government data sharing arrangements that reflect institutional, political, and economic factors. The effectiveness of second generation, client‐service‐based SDI will be seriously constrained if the problems of local government take‐up fail to be addressed.