Study on the Global Carbon Assimilation System Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data

The Paris agreement signed in April, 2016 aims to balance global anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks by the middle of the 21^st century. To fulfill this goal, it is necessary to calculate carbon fluxes of different regions reliably. The global carbon assimilation system is an effective technique for achieving this goal. The Ministry of Science and Technology of China supports the project entitled as study on the global carbon assimilation system based on multisource remote sensing data through the national key research and development programs for global change and adaptation during the thirteen-five period. This project will develop synergic inversion techniques for retrieving key parameters of biological and atmospheric cycles and for assimilating multisource remote sensing and ground based data. Then, the high resolution global carbon assimilation system coupled with an ecological model will be constructed. This system is able to assimilate jointly multisource observation data and to optimize key model parameters, photosynthesis and respiration carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions. This system will be used to study quantitatively the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions and to identify the mechanisms driving the global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources. The outputs of this study will be helpful for the fulfillment of the key research and development programs for global change and adaptation and provide valuable data and technical support for the decision-making in China.     

Landfill site selection based on reliability concepts using the DRASTIC method and AHP integrated with GIS – a case study of Bengaluru city,India

The selection of landfill sites for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal involves consideration of geological, hydrological and environmental parameters which exhibit large spatial variability. Therefore, it is necessary to define, to what extent the chosen sites are reliable such that the probability of environmental pollution and health risks to population is minimal. In the present study, groundwater vulnerability to contamination has been assessed using the standard DRASTIC method. The results showed that the study region has 9.45% of very less, 32.94% of less, 25.47% of moderate, 22.79% of high and 9.35% of very high vulnerable zones. The study also revealed that none of the landfills are located in safe zones. This suggests that it requires proper remedial measures to avoid environmental pollution. A landfill site selection process has been carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process integrated with Geographical Information System tools. The obtained results showed that only 3.59?km² (0.08%) of the total area is suitable for landfills. The reliability analysis of the site suitability revealed that landfills are located at unreliable locations where the probability of risk to environmental pollution is high. The presented approach assists decision-makers in selecting reliable locations for the safe disposal of MSW.     

Comparative Study of Acid and Alkaline Stimulants with Granite in an Enhanced Geothermal System

The Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is an artificial geothermal system that aims to economically extract heat from hot dry rock (HDR) through the creation of an artificial geothermal reservoir. Chemical stimulation is thought to be an effective method to create fracture networks and open existing fractures in hot dry rocks by injecting chemical agents into the reservoir to dissolve the minerals. Granite is a common type of hot dry rock. In this paper, a series of chemical stimulation experiments were implemented using acid and alkaline agents under high temperature and pressure conditions that mimic the environment of formation. Granite rock samples used in the experiments are collected from the potential EGS reservoir in the Matouying area, Hebei, China. Laboratory experimental results show that the corrosion ratio per unit area of rock is 3.2% in static acid chemical experiments and 0.51% in static alkaline chemical experiments. The permeability of the core is increased by 1.62 times in dynamic acid chemical experiments and 2.45 times in dynamic alkaline chemical experiments. A scanning electron microscope analysis of the core illustrates that secondary minerals, such as chlorite, spherical silica, and montmorillonite, were formed, due to acid-rock interaction with plagioclase being precipitated by alkaline-rock interactions. Masking agents in alkaline chemical agents can slightly reduce the degree of plagioclase formation. A chemical simulation model was built using TOUGHREACT, the mineral dissolution and associated ion concentration variation being reproduced by this reactive transport model.     

应用分布式存储技术优化省级CIMISS数据服务能力

随着气象数据量的不断增长,进一步提升CIMISS数据管理和服务能力的需求变得日益迫切。为解决存储系统动态扩展能力不足、并行计算与吞吐效率低下等限制CIMISS继续发展的问题,采用分布式文件系统和NAS技术替代GPFS建设共享文件系统,实现非结构化气象数据的存储功能;采用分布式数据库替代Oracle RAC建设关系数据库管理系统,实现结构化气象数据的存储功能和非结构化气象数据的索引功能。实践证明,该方案能够有效地改善CIMISS的数据存储能力、并发响应能力,适应未来气象业务对数据存储和应用的需求。     

全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立

国际地层委员会最近陆续发布了2005和2006年版《国际地层表》(http://www.stratigraphy.org/cheu.pdf),这两张新表较以往各版最为突出的变动是将寒武系分为四个统和十个阶,不再采用国际地学界沿用了近一百七十年的上、中、下3统的传统划分方法。这一改写是全球地层学的重大事件     

世界自然遗产事业发展潜势分析

世界遗产(以下简称遗产)的申报和保护在策略、重点与工作方式上出现许多新的趋向。《凯恩斯决议》的修订突出对生态、地质演进及生物多样性价值的重视,并提高人们对自然遗产的认识水平,有助于完善自然遗产地的覆盖范围和世界遗产名录平衡性问题。这将加快自然类遗产的申报,尤其是涉及水圈的自然遗产,如海洋、淡水、山地及与此有关的生物多样性的自然遗产地的保护成为热点。国际协作使得跨国自然遗产的联合申报成为必然趋势。随着遗产保护地由点向线、面的扩展,绿色廊道遗产的建设将促进自然遗产事业的发展。     

郯庐断裂带安徽段现代地震活动及应力场特征

分析了郯庐断裂带安徽段地震活动特征,利用近震直达波最大振幅比方法反演了99次中-小地震震源机制,并作了统计和聚类分析。现代地震活动整体上继承了历史地震分布格局,未显示增强趋势;断裂带及邻区应力场P轴和T轴优势方位大致呈近东西向和近南北向分布,现今承受的作用力以近水平或斜向为主,但也存在部分其它方向的应力场和近垂直方向的作用力。震源断层的破裂类型,带内以逆冲(或正断),或近逆冲(或正断)型为主。带附近较明显地呈现出走滑型或近走滑型破裂的优势;北、南亚段应力场有明显差异,即北压南张,其分界大约在北纬32°附近,北西西走向的桥头集—东关断裂是两者间的构造变换带。     

重要信息系统的灾难恢复刍议

现代社会和生活越来越依赖于IT系统,信息系统遭到灾难和毁灭性打击将是社会公众的灾难和噩梦。美国“9.11”事件中纽约交易所成功实施了信息服务灾难恢复计划,使得全球对于“业务连续和灾难恢复”有了重新的认识。在我国,信息安全也日益成为政府部门管理层、企业和公众关注的重要话题。企业的弹性、系统的健壮性,信息系统的抗毁性与灾难恢复日益深入人心,风险管理越来越为业界所重视。地震部门在政府应急联动系统中具有重要作用,其本身的信息系统安全已逐步引起重视。     

江苏海域动态监管业务运行现状及分析

海域动态监管业务是实施海域管理精细化、科学化的重要手段。文章从海域监管工作模式、海域使用动态监测、海域资源调查、分析评价与决策支持成果等方面对江苏海域动态监视监测业务进行梳理,以期为全国海域动态监管业务化拓展提供参考。