黔南-桂中地区泥盆系沉积体系研究

以详细的野外调查和前人资料为基础,对岩石组合、沉积组构、剖面序列、生物组合、沉积机理等进行分析,研究了黔南—桂中地区泥盆系沉积体系特征。研究区可划分出四种沉积体系,即台地体系、台坡体系、陆棚体系、台盆体系,其中陆棚体系主要发育于早泥盆世至中泥盆世早期;建立了相应的沉积模式,并分析其影响因素。     

The characteristics of Asian dust events in Northeast Asia during the springtime from 1993 to 2004

The characteristics of Asian dust events that occurred in Northeast Asia during the springtime from 1993 to 2004 are investigated using 3-hourly SYNOP reports (World Meteorological Organization). Occurrences of blowing sand and dust storm are low in 1997 and 1999, but have increased rapidly since 2000. The maximum occurrence was recorded in 2002. Wind velocity of 6.5 m s^− 1 as a threshold wind velocity is not so exactly consistent with the occurrence of blowing sand. However, wind velocity of 14 m s^− 1 as a strong wind causing dust storm had similar tendency to those of dust storm and Dust Storm Index.Source regions of Asian dust are divided into three regions (A: dry arid, B: semi-arid, and C: cultivated), based upon the occurrence of blowing sand and dust storm. Eight meteorological stations are selected in three regions, which have frequent occurrences of blowing sand. Source regions of Asian dust that affect the Korean peninsula are gradually extending eastward. Positive anomalies of NDVI occurred in 1994, 1995, and 1998 when temperature was high and precipitation was heavy. However, the frequent occurrence of the dust phenomena is not always consistent with lots of vegetation, high temperature, and much precipitation in this study.     

国际埃迪卡拉系年代地层学研究进展与发展趋势

埃迪卡拉系为国际地层表新增的新元古界最上部的系级年代地层单位,层型剖面被确定为南澳大利亚弗林德斯山脉依诺拉马河剖面,其底界点位（GSSP）选定为埃拉逖那冰成杂砾岩（Elatina diamictite）之上盖帽碳酸盐岩努卡利那组（Nuccaleena Formation）的下界（Gradstein et al．,2004;Knoll et al．,2004）。我国修定后的震旦系与埃迪卡拉系完全相当,底界以南沱冰碛岩之上盖帽碳酸盐岩的下界为界。本文综合国际地层委员会新元古代地层分会以及相关国家和地区近年来在埃迪卡拉系年代地层学领域研究的新进展、存在问题以及未来发展趋势作一概要介绍,以期引起国内晚前寒武纪地层古生物学者的广泛关注。     

区域发展和水资源利用透明交互决策系统

区域发展与水资源是密切相关的 ,本文提出以时空运筹模型为核心的决策判断过程透明和分层交互的决策系统 ,简称透明交互决策系统。用户可以使用此系统找到研究区社会经济发展与水资源协调的方案。     

基于HRCLDAS/CLM陆面数据同化系统的青藏高原地区土壤湿度模拟研究

利用最新的高时空分辨率（1 km、1 h）的中国气象局高分辨率陆面数据同化系统（HRCLDAS-V1.0）大气近地面强迫资料,驱动由NCAR发展的通用陆面模式（CLM）,对青藏高原地区2015年1月1日至9月30日的土壤湿度开展了模拟研究。结果表明模拟得到的高时空分辨率（1 km、1 h）土壤湿度能够体现出青藏高原地区从东南向西北逐渐变低的空间分布特征,较好地表现出各层土壤湿度的时间变化特征,6~9月土壤湿度波动较大,1~5月波动较平缓,上层土壤湿度变幅较大,深层变化较平缓。0~5 cm、0~10 cm和10~40 cm深度土壤湿度模拟结果与观测值的相关系数均在0.8以上,其中0~5 cm土层的相关系数达到0.92,各层土壤湿度观测值与模拟值的均方根误差变化则相反,3个土层土壤湿度模拟结果与观测值的偏差均小于0.04 mm3 mm-3,但模式对于研究时段土壤湿度变化的低值有高估现象,且模拟能力随着土层深度的加深而减弱。     

辽宁省高速公路气象保障服务系统设计与展望

为了提高辽宁省高速公路的气象保障服务能力,提出了建立辽宁高速公路气象保障服务系统的设想。分析了辽宁及国内外的高速公路气象保障的研究概况,在此基础上,根据高速公路管理部门对于气象保障服务的实际需求,认为建立高速公路气象保障服务系统应合理布设和增加高速公路沿线的自动气象监测站点,要以气象部门信息网络为依托,以气象数据库、预报技术平台、预报技术方法为基础,有针对性地开发高速公路气象预报预警模式和决策系统,并提出了建立高速公路信息反馈及损毁评估平台的设想,试图为提高高速公路气象服务水平提供技术支撑。     

Complex rift geometries resulting from inheritance of pre-existing structures: Insights and regional implications from the Barmer Basin rift

Structural studies of the Barmer Basin in Rajasthan, northwest India, demonstrate the important effect that pre-existing faults can have on the geometries of evolving fault systems at both the outcrop and basin-scale. Outcrop exposures on opposing rift margins reveal two distinct, non-coaxial extensional events. On the eastern rift margin northwest–southeast extension was accommodated on southwest- and west-striking faults that form a complex, zig-zag fault network. On the western rift margin northeast–southwest extension was accommodated on northwest-striking faults that form classical extensional geometries.Combining these outcrop studies with subsurface interpretations demonstrates that northwest–southeast extension preceded northeast–southwest extension. Structures active during the early, previously unrecognised extensional event were variably incorporated into the evolving fault systems during the second. In the study area, an inherited rift-oblique fault transferred extension from the rift margin to a mid-rift fault, rather than linking rift margin fault systems directly. The resultant rift margin accommodation structure has important implications for early sediment routing and depocentre evolution, as well as wider reaching implications for the evolution of the rift basin and West Indian Rift System. The discovery of early rifting in the Barmer Basin supports that extension along the West Indian Rift System was long-lived, multi-event, and likely resulted from far-field plate reorganisations.     

和田地区二叠—下三叠统层序地层特征与沉积体系

据陆相层序地层学原理及野外露头层序地层学方法,对新疆和田地区桑株、杜瓦、皮牙曼、阿其克等剖面的二叠—下三叠统进行层序界面识别,建立了和田地区层序地层格架.研究表明,该区二叠—下三叠统共划分为5个Ⅲ级层序及12个体系域.研究区在不同时期共发育5种沉积体系类型,包括冲积扇体系、河流沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系、三角洲体系及扇三角洲体系,指出该区层序演化中有利的烃源层、储集层和盖层及组合.     

湘黔桂交界区富禄组与富禄间冰期的再划分

在中国南华系层型剖面优选区之一——湘黔桂交界区,富禄间冰期可再分为3个相对较暖热的气候阶段(间冰段)和2个相对寒冷的气候阶段(冰段),即(自老而新)：三江间冰段、龙家冰段、烂阳间冰段、两界河冰段、大塘坡间冰段。相应地,富禄间冰期沉积地层——富禄组可分5个段,即：三江段、龙家段、烂阳段、两界河段、大塘坡段。另外,对古城组和铁丝坳组层型的湖北长阳古城剖面、贵州松桃大塘坡剖面和相关资料的再研究揭示,“古城组”和“铁丝坳组”都是富禄间冰期晚冰段(即两界河冰段)的沉积,均不宜替代长安组作为南华纪早冰期沉积的代表。     

单锚腿系泊系统动力计算的新方法

在Hamilton型拟变分原理体系下,建立了一种时间子域以三次和五次B样条函数插值的时间子域法,并将这种新方法用于单锚腿系泊系统的动力响应分析中。算例表明,新方法比传统的动力计算方法Wilson-θ法,在计算精度上有明显的优势,表明本方法能够用于计算单锚腿系泊系统的动力响应。