POS辅助光束法区域网平差

介绍POS数据与摄影测量观测值联合平差的基本原理,推导了平差基础误差方程,并利用自行研制的POS辅助光束法区域网平差系统WuCAPS对摄自两个平坦地区的1:2 500和1:60 000比例尺两种航摄影像进行了试验.结果表明,利用POS系统测定的未检校与经检校场检校后的影像定向参数辅助光束法区域网平差的结果基本是一致的.此时,仅需在区域四角各布设1个平高地面控制点就能满足航空摄影测量加密的精度要求,这不但减少摄影测量加密野外像片控制点的联测工作量,而且避免了使用POS系统时必须设置专门检校场的繁琐检校,可以明显提高航空摄影效率,节省POS使用成本,有利于POS系统的大规模推广应用.     

数字矿山与煤矿瓦斯监测及预警

围绕煤矿瓦斯监测监控系统的开发与运用,介绍了基于数字矿山技术体系进行煤矿瓦斯监测、分析、显示、智能预警及救灾等方面的主要思路、关键技术、系统功能及应用效果。实践表明,瓦斯涌出量及突出动力现象的发生,受地质、地应力和开采条件等多种因素的影响,瓦斯突出预测所涉及的数据具有多源性、时空性、强变化等特征,GIS技术、虚拟现实技术等空间信息技术在煤矿瓦斯监测与预警中具有很大的应用潜力,能对煤矿瓦斯监测与智能预警研究产生重大变革,构建数字矿山对煤矿安全生产具有巨大的推动作用,效益十分显著。     

The formation of the Oort cloud in open cluster environments

We study the influence of an open cluster environment on the formation and current structure of the Oort cloud. To do this, we have run 19 different simulations of the formation of the Oort cloud for 4.5 Gyrs. In each simulation, the Solar System spends its first 100 Myrs in a different open cluster environment before transitioning to its current field environment. We find that, compared to forming in the field environment, the inner Oort cloud is preferentially loaded with comets while the Sun resides in the open cluster and that most of this material remains locked in the interior of the cloud for the next 4.4 Gyrs. In addition, the outer Oort cloud trapping efficiencies we observe in our simulations are lower than previous formation models by about a factor of 2, possibly implying an even more massive early planetesimal disk. Furthermore, some of our simulations reproduce the orbits of observed extended scattered disk objects, which may serve as an observational constraint on the Sun's early environment. Depending on the particular open cluster environment, the properties of the inner Oort cloud and extended scattered disk can vary widely. On the other hand, the outer portions of the Oort cloud in each of our simulations are all similar.     

Crystallization of cosmic dust from highly supersaturated silicate vapor in a rapidly cooled environment

Growth conditions and the resultant morphology of cosmic forsterite and enstatite particles condensed from the vapor were investigated experimentally as a function of growth temperature and supersaturation using flash-heating by CO₂ laser irradiation. Forsterite particles grew dominantly, followed by a few pyroxenes. No silica minerals were observed. The forsterite morphology changed systematically depending on the temperature (T) and the vapor supersaturation (σ). As the temperature decreased and the vapor supersaturation increased, the forsterite morphology changed from a bulky type (T=1000-1450 °C, σ<97) to a platy type (T=700-1000 °C, σ=97-161), then to a columnar needle shape (T=500-820 °C, σ=131-230), and finally to a droplet type (T<500 °C, σ>230). Very thin polygonal growth steps, which suggest vapor-solid (VS) growth, were detected on the surface of the faceted bulky and platy forsterite particles. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation showed that the tip of the columnar and needle-shaped forsterite was covered with an amorphous layer. This amorphous coverage illustrates that a liquid phase can be condensed from the vapor, even under the stable conditions where crystalline forsterite is stable. This amorphous layer plays a role in the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism of the forsterite particles. The difference in the growth mechanism as a function of vapor supersaturation and temperature can be explained by metastable liquid condensation. The experimentally synthesized coexisting patterns of VS-grown and VLS-grown olivine particles resemble the pattern of matrix olivine or chondrule rims in primitive meteorites. Forsterite can crystallize more easily than either pyroxene or silica minerals, which is consistent with the dominance of forsterite in cometary dust particles, as suggested by its infrared spectrum.     

54与80坐标系转换数学模型研究

54北京坐标系与80西安坐标系转换计算,属54系与80系不同参考椭球下高斯—克吕格投影数据转换计算,因全国不同区域重力场的变化而无法用一个固定的参数或公式推算,能否另辟途径实现其精确算法。应用多元统计分析基础理论,研究二者互换随机数学模型,以福建省区域为例,成功实现大批数据坐标转换。     

河北洞子沟银铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

洞子沟银铜多金属矿床产于华北克拉通北缘长城系常州沟组地层中,受地层控制明显。通过对该矿床地质特征及矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征、矿物流体包裹体特征、硫氢氧同位素组成及U-Pb同位素年代研究表明:成矿物质来源于幔源;矿床形成于古元古代晚期华北克拉通吕梁运动后的伸展裂解过程中,在断陷盆地接受沉积的同时,有沿同生断裂上升的幔源热液、银铜金铅锌等成矿物质组分与常州沟组陆源碎屑一同沉积,形成洞子沟银铜多金属沉积层控型矿床。     

鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构及早期沉积盖层演化

鄂尔多斯盆地基底主要形成于太古宙—古元古代,岩石组成极为复杂,大多经历了较强的区域变质作用,变质程度一般达到了(高)角闪岩相—麻粒岩相,属变质程度较深的区域变质岩系,主要是各种片岩、片麻岩及变粒岩、石英岩、大理石及花岗片麻岩等;基底结构具有较为明显的分区特征,可划分为北部、西北部及中南部三个大区,走向总体以北东向为主;从演化过程来看,鄂尔多斯盆地基底是华北克拉通形成过程中的太古宙微陆块之一,古元古代末可能是其与华北拼合为一体的关键时期。早期沉积盖层主要经历了长城纪陆内裂陷、蓟县纪边部沉降、青白口纪—南华纪整体隆升和震旦纪边缘拗陷4个演化阶段,沉积环境总体以海相为主,晚期局部具陆相特征,不同时期的沉积物特征有较大差异,可能主要受构造、气候环境的共同制约;早期沉积盖层整体上受基底结构和构造控制明显,越早期影响越大;盆地西南边缘一直是最活跃的构造沉降区,基底构造所处位置特殊可能是其最主要的原因。     

基于堆积层厚度变化的侏罗系顺向岸坡变形机制转换研究

三峡库区侏罗系顺向岸坡堆积体滑坡众多,其滑动模式存在一定差异。首先统计分析了192个三峡库区侏罗系层位发育的堆积体滑坡滑体及碎石土的工程地质性质和强度参数。在此基础上,运用数值分析软件对堆积体厚度变化引起的滑坡变形机制进行模拟分析。结果表明:堆积体厚度范围在15m及以下滑坡会沿着岩土界线面滑动、15~35m时滑坡会沿着层内剪切面滑动;厚度范围在35m以上时,堆积体滑坡内部可能存在着多层滑带,即滑坡可能沿着层内剪切面滑动或者沿着岩土界线面滑动。堆积体厚度范围在15m及以下时滑坡的治理措施可采用布置抗滑桩;厚度范围15~35m时可采用排水+布置抗滑桩的滑坡治理措施;厚度范围在35m以上时,可采用滑坡前期监测预报+后期根据滑坡发育情况相结合的滑坡防治措施。     

二连盆地脑木根凹陷沉积型铀矿成矿特征

二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷是我国重要的沉积型铀矿成矿区,脑木根凹陷为二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷南缘的一个次级凹陷,其中的下白垩统赛汉组沉积了一套三角洲-湖泊相含煤碎屑岩建造,具备铀成矿基本条件。通过对煤田钻孔资料"二次开发",配合钻探验证,在下白垩统赛汉组中圈定了连续稳定的放射性异常区。发现了潜水氧化型和同沉积泥岩型铀矿成矿类型,研究区铀矿化主要受古气候、成矿期砂体沉积特征、铀源、后生氧化作用等多重因素的控制。建立了研究区潜水氧化叠合同沉积泥岩型铀矿成矿模式。     

基于GPS的高速公路车速全程监控方法研究

对高速公路车速进行有效监控与管理,是抑制违章超速行驶、减少高速公路交通事故的重要手段。现有的基于点速度和区间平均速度的高速公路车速监控方法,难以准确反应出车辆的实际行驶状态,实施效果有限,可靠性较差。文中提出基于GPS和地图匹配技术的高速公路车速全程监控和管理方法,建立相关算法的数学模型。经过理论分析和实例验证,车速监控与管理方法能实现高速公路车速的全程监控,极大地提高车速安全监控和管理的可靠性、准确性和有效性。