Distribution of cadmium,mercury, and lead in different body parts of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis): Implications for environmental status assessments

For heavy metals, quality standards indicating good environmental status are designed to evaluate concentrations in the whole fish body, whereas monitoring of metals is often conducted using muscle or liver tissue. As most metals accumulate at different rates in different parts of fish, data should be adjusted to reflect whole fish body concentrations; however, this requires knowledge on distribution of metal concentrations within fish. Here, concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and lead were analyzed in the liver, muscle and whole fish of herring and perch to create conversion factors for transformation of heavy metal concentrations between these tissues. Species-specific accumulation of metals between muscle, liver, and whole fish were observed. Relationships between different tissues were used to recalculate data from monitoring programs in the Baltic Sea region. Based on whole fish concentrations, environmental status for cadmium and mercury in herring improved compared to assessments based on muscle or liver concentrations alone.     

适应气候变化谈判的焦点问题与趋势分析

综述了近两年在《联合国气候变化框架公约》(简称《公约》)下关于适应气候变化谈判的进展,分析了适应气候变化谈判的焦点问题及各利益集团的立场,结合《公约》第十五次缔约方大会的进展,提出了我国今后在适应气候变化问题上的谈判对策建议。     

河南旅游业营销与旅游经济发展

文章分析了河南旅游业营销的现状以及在面临西部大开发及加入WTO后旅游业营销与旅游经济发展的策略;结合政府和市场在旅游业营销与旅游经济发展中所应承担的角色,提出了河南旅游业营销与旅游经济可持续发展的具体措施。     

基本矩阵约束下的摄像机畸变校正及像主点确定

针对视觉测量系统中畸变校正过程烦琐、计算复杂等问题,提出了一种基于基本矩阵约束的镜头畸变自动校正及像主点坐标确定方法。基于对极几何的基本矩阵和一阶径向畸变模型构建了两视图同名点约束方程;为解决待求参数过多导致解不稳定的问题,采用分步求解策略分别求解基本矩阵及畸变参数和主点坐标,用RANSAC稳健估计方法求取基本矩阵,用迭代最小二乘优化求解畸变参数和主点坐标,两步交替进行。提出的算法仅使用两张图像即可获取径向畸变参数及主点坐标,可操作性强,且对噪声具有一定的鲁棒性,适用于自然场景图像的校正。     

Correct application of the IUCN protected area management categories to the CCAMLR Convention Area

The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has been working to develop and implement a system of marine protected areas (MPAs) for over 10 years. Within CCAMLR there is a long-held belief that the area covered by the CCAMLR Convention is equivalent to a category IV protected area as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This belief was founded upon a comparison of the central objective of CCAMLR as defined by the CCAMLR Convention with the IUCN definition of a category IV MPA. This advice was accepted by the CCAMLR Scientific Committee but to date there has not been any analysis of this advice within CCAMLR, IUCN or in the literature. This paper critically analyses that advice, and finds that the CCAMLR Convention area does not meet the IUCN definition of an MPA and thus the CCAMLR Convention Area cannot be considered equivalent to a category IV MPA.     

China’s engagement in the establishment of marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean: From reactive to active

The stalemate since 2012 over the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean has been a source of debate within and outside the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). In 2015, China's support for the proposal for the establishment of a Ross Sea MPA was commended as a major step forward. As the newest Member of the CCAMLR, China refrained itself from commenting specifically on the issue of MPAs in the previous years, and had not articulated clearly its basic position until 2014. In light of its basic position and practices, China may become more active, maintain its basic position and take a case-by-case approach in relation to other MPA proposals. Moreover, bilateral interaction is helpful in finding practical solutions.     

From ad hoc towards the institutionalisation: An assessment of Malaysia's policy evolution on Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Malaysia's policy on Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (A&SO) in the last three decades has evolved from being focused on diplomatic engagement to pioneering science in cooperation with the international community and strengthening science diplomacy by becoming a member of the international governance of Antarctic. Through process-oriented evaluation, the aim of this study is to map out the development of Malaysia's policy on the Antarctic region (from 1982 to 2016) and consequently, identify the current capacities and future needs to strengthen its involvement. This study reveals that Malaysia's policy on A&SO has strong integration in foreign affairs, science and technology (S&T), and the environment, and the involvements are parallel with the national development plan. To move forward, Malaysia is currently establishing a suitable governance structure and a long-term management plan to ensure a long-term political commitment, sustain investment of resources and strengthen the dynamic participation of stakeholders. This study advances the scholarly understanding of the political processes and challenges to Malaysia's Antarctic policy development, in its journey towards institutionalisation which will create distinctive and valuable positions for Malaysia to contribute to current debates on the future of the Antarctic region. In the context of ad-hoc decision on certain policy, this case study will contribute relevant information about the development process, issues and challenges on policy through ad-hoc implementation.     

地学期刊稿件中常见问题及处理策略

地学期刊稿件中有一些小问题往往在写作过程中被忽略, 影响了相关稿件内容的准确性, 甚至因为写作表达方法问题拖延了审稿进度. 从日常编辑、 校对的角度, 对稿件在写作过程中存在的一些问题进行了汇总, 并对处理方法进行了探讨和说明, 意在推进地学稿件准确无误地传递信息.     

产胞外多糖极地微生物的筛选及其胞外多糖对大菱鲆免疫活力的初步研究

采用苯酚硫酸法和醇沉淀法,从600余株南极微生物中筛选得到10株胞外多糖产量较高的菌株.分子鉴定与系统发育分析表明,9株菌株属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas),1株属于嗜冷杆菌属(Psych robacter).对10株菌株进行发酵培养,发酵液经醇沉、除蛋白、冷冻干燥后得到粗胞外多糖.其中菌株3-3-1-2的胞外多糖产量达0.6 g/L.对粗多糖产量较高的4株菌所产的胞外多糖进行免疫活性试验,粗胞外多糖20#3在注射3d时,实验组AKP活性比对照组增加了39％,CAT活性比对照组增加了24％,二者均差异显著(P＜0.05),注射5d时,ACP活性比对照组增加了20％,差异显著(P＜0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性比对照组增加了14％,差异极显著(P＜0.01);粗胞外多糖33-1-2在注射3d时,实验组AKP活性比对照组增加了12％,差异不显著(P＞0.05),注射5d时,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性比对照组增加了24％,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性比阳性对照组增加了5％,二者均差异显著(P＜0.05).研究结果表明,菌株20#3与3-3-12产生的胞外多糖对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maxoimus)具有显著的免疫促进作用.由此可知,筛选出的极地细菌胞外多糖20#3和3-31-2可显著提高大菱鲆非特异性免疫力,可作为水产饲料添加剂应用于大菱鲆的生产养殖.