"Here a Ghetto,There a Ghetto": The Value and Peril of Comparative Study

This commentary questions whether ethno-racial identities play no role in recent developments in France's banlieues, as Wacquant argues. Wacquant's point that the French banlieues should not be simple-mindedly equated with American "ghettos" is well taken. However, there is no doubt that ethno-racial identities are growing in political and social salience in France. There should be a way to conceptually take these developments into account, without interpreting them as mere replications of American racial politics. I argue that Wacquant overlooks the roles that partisan politics and public opinion will likely play in either assisting or hindering his proposed public policy changes. Change, whether incremental or revolutionary, will depend on the ideas and actions of party politicians and citizens. I also ask whether recent assertions of banlieue identity might be interpreted as somehow violating French core values.     

Partisan Shifts in Presidential and Gubernatorial Elections in Alabama, 1932–1994*

Although the Republican Party has been competitive in presidential elections in the South for nearly three decades, it has only recently become a force in southern state and local elections. In Alabama, the GOP has dominated presidential voting since 1964, but has only become competitive during the past decade in gubernatorial elections. Why did the GOP first experience success in Alabama in presidential elections 30 years ago, but only recently become competitive in gubernatorial elections? This paper addresses this question using a county-level analysis of both presidential and gubernatorial election returns. It concludes that George Wallace's long political career is the dominant reason for the lag in GOP success in gubernatorial elections.     

跨学科视角下“地缘政治”概念及其研究范式

分析1982—2019年中国核心学术刊物和著作,梳理地理学和政治学对于"地缘政治"概念和研究范式的不同理解。研究发现:①地理学和政治学有很多相似之处,包括对"地缘战略"等概念的关注,对"大国安全与崛起"等议题的探讨,以及在分析框架中对案例和质性分析方法的强调等;②地理学和政治学有各具特色,地理学衍生"地缘环境"等概念,政治学也衍生"地缘安全"等概念;地理学在议题上更具空间和系统思维,对海洋地缘政治等话题更偏好,而政治学更强调时事性,侧重于分析时事政治及其地缘政治逻辑等;在分析框架上,地理学受计量革命的影响深远,对质性和定量分析都有所关注,而政治学对案例分析和质性分析的依赖度更高。这些发现说明了当前学科分工并没有改变地理学中的"地缘政治"概念和政治学中的"地缘政治"概念源出一脉的事实,同时也发现,其中的差异正是学科壁垒形成关键所在。     

基于文献计量方法的国内外城市更新比较研究

采用文献计量方法,利用Citespace工具对国内外城市更新研究进行知识图谱分析,从演化过程、发文期刊和研究机构的特征、研究热点等方面对比国内外城市更新研究的差异。研究表明:①国内外城市更新研究的发文量呈现波动上升的趋势,在快速发展阶段尤为显著,每年发文量分别达到117篇和238篇;②研究文献多集中在城市规划、区域研究、城市设计、建筑学等期刊。相对于国外,国内发文期刊更集中。国内排名前10的期刊发文量占比达46.65%,国外仅29.84%;③国内外的研究机构间初步形成合作网络,但网络联系与合作程度依然较低。相对于国外,国内研究机构间联系更紧密。④国外研究热点集中在伙伴关系与公众参与、绅士化、可持续发展、城市转型和文化创意等方面,国内研究热点体现在旧城改造与房地产开发、历史街区和工业遗产的保护与更新、广州-深圳城市更新的探索与实践、公众参与的初步探讨等方面。     

科技地缘政治：从现实到理论——关于地理学加强科技地缘政治研究的思考

世界在科技全球化、科技变革和大国科技博弈进程中正步入科技地缘政治时代。全球科技竞合是科技地缘政治时代的主旋律,也是大国博弈的主导形式。文章首先从全球科技竞合现实出发,明确了中国在科技地缘政治时代修正或重构国家科技地缘战略的重要性,认为应对国际国内形势变化,保障国家科技安全,中国需要加强科技地缘政治研究。其次,从时代变迁和地缘政治理论演进的视角阐释了科技地缘政治研究亟需建构新的理论体系和分析范式的原因。在此基础上,系统梳理了地理学、政治学和科技管理领域关于科技地缘政治研究的主要进展和存在的问题,认为：地理学领域的科技地缘政治探索虽详尽地揭示了全球科技竞合的时空特征,但并未从全球科技竞合的表象透视国家科技权力争夺的本质;政治学领域的科技地缘政治探索虽详细追溯了科技进步与地缘政治理论思潮演进和地缘政治格局演变的关系,但其剥离空间的抽象思维无法解释国家围绕一定地理空间进行博弈的现实;科技管理学领域的科技地缘政治探索虽进行了系统的全球科技体系演化与治理的研究,但其研究的立足点忽视了大国科技竞合的本质。鉴于此,提出了未来中国地理学在科技地缘政治研究的主要努力方向。     

面向21世纪的我国区域经济地理学科理论体系建设

通过分析影响我国区域经济地理学理论发展的因素,探讨了区域经济地理学科的研究对象,理论主线,主要分支理论以及学科理论框架等理论建设问题。文章提出劳动地域分工理论和经济地域运动理论同为学科理论基础;阐述了经济地域条件与要素的区别与联系;强调经济地域结构－功能研究与经济地域类型分析评价;在已有经济地域系统类型基础上提出地缘经济地域系统。在学科建设的原则中强调学科间交叉渗透与自主发展并重,指出本学科与区域     

Ocean Geography vis-à-vis Global Change and Sustainable Development

The associated development of global change research programs and the adoption of a global approach to the ocean by Agenda 21, Chapter 17 have generated an increasing need for investigations into coastal, deep ocean, and island management. To contribute to the development of ocean sciences vis-à-vis this need, in 1996 the International Geographical Union (IGU) launched the Oceans program. In 1998, the International Year of the Ocean, this program was implemented and converted into the Oceans 21 program, convened by the IGU and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. The epistemological and conceptual backgrounds of this program framework, jointly with its key contents, are presented and discussed, as well as its consistency with the program areas and sectoral issues of Agenda 21.     

Standards-Directed Education: The Good,the Bad,and the Ugly

Abstract

GIS Concepts and ArcGIS Methods, David M. Theobald Fort Collins, CO: Conservations Planning Technologies, 2003. 342 pp. ISBN 0-9679208-2-5 $55.00 (paper)

Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, James W. Loewen New York: A Touchstone Book, Simon &; Schuster. 1995. 383 pp. Figures, references, and index, ISBN: 0684818868. $14.00 (paper).     

The Geography Course in the Oswego State Normal and Training School

Abstract

This article addresses the knowledge of geography and geography-related careers of sixth and ninth grade students in six Florida schools. For geography knowledge no sex differences were noted for the total sample, ninth grade African American males outperformed African American females, achievement differed by school, and students knew most about skills and least about physical geography Students' career knowledge increased with grade level; males were more knowledgeable than females; African American females were the least knowledgeable; sex-related differences became more pronounced in ninth grade; and the most frequently cited careers were cartographer, explorer, meteorologist, and news person.     

A Study in Historico-Geography—The Establishing of the Ohio-Michigan Boundary Line

Abstract

Geography is a part of scientific knowledge devoted to the study of two fundamental relations of human life: relations with the natural world and relations across space. These relations do not exist in isolation but are merely aspects of life as a whole. They must be understood and taught as parts of a total theory of human existence. Marxism is such an attempt to holistically understand the world. It is also, however, an attempt to change the world. Although Marxists recognize that capitalism has yielded enormous technical and material benefits for a minority of the world's people, we now find other competing purposes rising to primary positions in the list of urgent societal tasks. These purposes include equalizing living standards, finding jobs for the present doomed generation of children, removing the economic and social tensions underlying dangerous military antagonisms, and achieving a stable, managed relation with the natural environment. For purposes like these, Marxists consider capitalism outdated as a form of social and economic organization. Most Western Marxists are also critical of the centralized socialism of the Soviet Union. Socialism in the Soviet Union has achieved a modest standard of living for its working class. But the Soviet Union has yet to begin an approach towards a true model of socialism in the sense of decentralizing economic and political power directly to the mass of the people. Because we live in capitalist countries however, the focus of this critique is capitalist, rather than Soviet-style socialist society.