一种硼酸盐的新矿物—袁复礼石

袁复礼石是一种Mg、Fe2+、Al和Ti的硼酸盐新矿物，发现于辽宁省宽甸县砖庙硼矿区。该矿物黑色，近不透明，金刚光泽-半金属光泽。反射色亮灰，内反射深红褐色。非均质性弱，偏光色红褐。晶体呈细柱状，O.1×0.2×l mm。晶体化学式为:(Mg0.91Fe2+0.09)(Fe3+0.56Al3+0.19 Mg0.17Ti0.11Fe2+0.10)1.13(B0.92O3.00)O。空间群Pnam, a=9.258(6)A，b=9.351(4)A， c=3.081(2)A，V=266.80(2)A，Z=4。 D=3.80 g/cm3, H=5-6，VHN50=843 kg/mm2，｛100}解理完全。红外光谱吸收谱带为:1387, 1210, 1024, 951, 733, 600, 510和408 cm-1。穆斯堡尔谱证明，以三价铁为主，二价铁较少。Fe3+占据M(1)晶位，Fe2+占据M(1)和M(2)晶位。袁复礼石为硼钛镁石的富Fe3+类似物。     

Präzipitation von Aluminium und Phosphat in Gewässern unter dem Einfluss von Versauerung

Precipitation of Aluminium and Phosphate Affected by Acidification Acidified waters often show elevated concentrations of Al (with up to 6 mg L^–1 being not unusual). A pH increase resulting e.g. from mixing with non‐acidified water or from biological activities may be linked with Al precipitation. Up to now, this phenomenon was described for acid mine drainages. This investigation focuses on a whitish precipitate naturally formed in a brook of an atmospherically acidified catchment in the Ore Mountains, Germany. Based on infrared spectra the precipitate was identified as an Al‐hydroxosulfate with crystal water. A simulation of natural conditions in the laboratory showed that Al precipitated only if sulfate or phosphate ions were added to the solution. In the case of sulfate being added, the infrared spectrum of the precipitate was similar to the natural precipitate. ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy revealed tetrahedrally coordinated Al in some precipitates which evidences the participation of the tridecameric [Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ cation beside other polymeric Al cations. Precipitation experiments subjected to the given conditions showed that the phosphate elimination from solution with Al was much higher than with Fe. With Al and Fe added together, the P elimination rate was likewise high, and phosphate was bound onto Al in the precipitate. This was demonstrated by SEM‐EDX spectroscopy. Based on these results we present a possible reaction mechanism. The precipitation of Al together with P allows a significant retention of both elements in sediments because in contrast to Fe, Al immobilizes phosphate even under anoxic conditions.     

辽东后仙峪地区元古界超镁橄榄岩岩石学及其成因

超镁橄榄岩是作者在辽东大石桥后仙峪地区发现并命名的一种新类型岩石,是以镁橄榄石分子组成为标准而定义、阳离子过剩的一种岩石。由于阳离子过剩而形成独立的铁镁氧化物矿物,因此岩石的主要矿物为镁橄榄石、硅镁石、水镁石及磁铁矿。该超镁橄榄岩中矿物呈粒状、板状结构,具有角砾状火山喷发构造、类鬣刺状熔岩冷凝构造及团块状熔离构造。岩石具有分层现象,下部为镁橄榄岩,上部为磁铁矿硅镁石岩,其中含有镍黄铁矿,并构成海绵陨铁结构。岩石学研究表明这是一套富镁质超基性火山岩,相当于科马提岩,作为辽东硼矿的容矿岩石,它为镁硼酸盐矿床的形成提供了丰富的镁质来源。     

纳滤法用于铝锂分离的初步研究

本文探讨了纳滤分离Al³⁺和Li⁺的可行性,研究了含盐量和铝锂比对分离效率的影响,提出了从锂云母浸出液中分离回收锂的新方法。实验结果表明,纳滤膜对Al³⁺和Li⁺的截留率随含盐量的升高而降低,其中Li⁺始终呈现负浓度梯度扩散的趋势,而Al³⁺的截留率始终稳定在99%以上。当含盐量为45 g/L时,铝锂分离因子最高可达248.33,膜面相应Zeta电位的绝对值达到最大。随着溶液中铝锂比的变化,Al³⁺和Li⁺的截留率分别在不同铝锂比的条件下出现拐点,溶液的pH呈现先下降后上升最后下降的复杂趋势。本实验研究发现,DK膜能够在酸性环境下实现高效的铝锂分离和锂的浓缩,从而为锂云母浸出液中锂的提取提供新的思路。     

硼酸铝晶须的性质、制备和开发前景

无机材料在国民经济和国防建设中均占有重要地位。简单介绍了一种重要的新型无机功能材料——硼酸铝晶须的性能、制备和应用前景。     

Origin of iron and aluminium in large particles (> 53 µm) in the Crozet region, Southern Ocean

Natural iron fertilization processes are occurring around the Crozet Islands (46°26′S–52°18′E), thus relieving the water masses from the normally encountered High Nutrients Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions of the Southern Ocean. During austral summers 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, iron and aluminium concentrations were investigated in large particles (> 53 µm) collected from just below the mixed layer at stations under the influence of island inputs, and also in adjacent HNLC waters. These large particles are anticipated to sink out of the mixed layer, and to reflect the net effects of input and cycling of these elements in the overlying mixed layer. Labile and refractory fractions were determined by a two-stage leaching technique. Data showed that water masses downstream of the islands were enriched in total iron and aluminium (0.25–2.68 nmol L^− 1 and 0.34–3.28 nmol L^− 1 respectively), relative to the southern HNLC control sites (0.15–0.29 nmol L^− 1 for Fe and 0.12–0.29 nmol L^− 1 for Al), with only a small fraction (typically < 1%) being acid leachable in both environments. Particulate iron predominantly derived from the island system represents a significant fraction of the total water column iron inventory and may complement dissolved Fe inputs that help support the high summer productivity around the Crozet islands.     

辽宁大石桥花岗质岩石成因分析及其在硼矿勘查中的意义

通过大石桥硼矿区花岗质岩石成因的研究,提出花岗质岩石属层状混合花岗岩成因,并以此为指导,在辽宁大石桥地区找到了3个中型硼矿床.花岗质岩石与其围岩变(浅)粒岩为渐变过渡关系,并呈现一些特殊的结构构造.其岩石化学成分变化较大,Al过饱和,AKCN值较大,Ti含量高.其特殊的岩石化学组成及氧同位素δ18O值均＞10‰,显示为混合花岗岩特征.花岗质岩石与其围岩变(浅)粒岩的REE组成特征一致,LREE/HREE平均值为3.86;负Eu异常,δEu平均为0.62,Eu/Sm平均值为0.163,与地壳来源的花岗岩及沉积岩的数值相近.该区花岗质岩石并非岩浆底辟作用形成的岩浆型花岗岩,而是层状混合花岗岩.     

辽东硼矿的成矿机制及成矿模式

为了解辽东硼矿的成矿机制及建立成矿模式, 分析了含硼岩系、镁质容矿岩石、区域变质作用及混合岩化作用、构造等四大控矿因素, 发现含硼岩系具富硼特征, 容矿岩石具富镁特点并可成为硼质的沉淀剂, 含硼岩系中硼在区域变质和混合岩化过程中得到进一步活化形成含硼热液, 含硼热液在有利的构造空间交代镁质岩石即可形成镁硼酸盐型硼矿.含硼岩系、镁质容矿岩石是硼矿形成的物质基础, 区域变质及混合岩化作用、构造活动是硼矿形成的必要条件.辽东硼矿成矿模式为原始火山-沉积初始富集和部分熔融含硼热液交代镁质岩石.      

辽东砖庙硼矿含硼岩系富镁大理岩地球化学特征及其成因

富镁大理岩是辽东砖庙硼矿的主要容矿岩石。对该区富镁大理岩的岩石特征、全岩化学、稀土元素、微量元素和C、O同位素地球化学进行了测试分析。结果表明本区富镁大理岩具有岩浆碳酸岩的特征：主量元素具富镁高硅的特点;微量元素中B、F、Rb、Cs、Th和U含量较高,V、Cr、Co、Ni等相对较低,高场强元素相关比值与岩浆碳酸岩相似;稀土元素含量偏低,分配型式略显右倾,与后仙峪镁橄榄岩的稀土配分型式一致;C、O同位素含量较世界各地岩浆碳酸岩偏高。分析认为,辽东砖庙硼矿富镁大理岩的形成可能与地壳物质混染有关,δ¹⁸O-δ¹³C相关图解显示其为海相原生碳酸岩。