辽东地区硼矿床区域成矿系统分析

辽东硼矿体受层位控制,呈层状、似层状产出,其形成既与原始火山一沉积作用有关,又遭受多期次变质变形及热液的叠加改造,以及印支、燕山期构造一岩浆作用改造等作用过程,矿床为“火山（热水）沉积一变质热液叠加改造”的多期多成因层控矿床。认为多期多阶段变质热液形成与矿集区具有不同成矿有利性质的岩石之间发生的交代作用所引起的各种成矿...     

三元体系K2B4O7-KBr-H2O在323K的相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了三元体系K2B4O7-KBr-H2O在323 K的相平衡关系及密度。研究发现,该三元体系为简单共饱和型,无复盐及固溶体形成。根据溶解度数据绘制了相图,相图中有一个共饱点,两条单变曲线,单变量曲线所对应的平衡固相分别为K2B4O7.4H2O和KBr;实验结果表明KBr对K2B4O7有较强的盐析作用。并简要讨论了密度变化规律。     

气相色谱—质谱法测定蒸馏出的混合物中硼酸三甲酯

硼酸三甲酯是合成储氢材料硼氢化钠的重要原料,以硼酸、甲醇为原料合成硼酸三甲酯是目前硼酸三甲酯合成的重要方法之一。提供了一种测定硼酸、甲醇合成硼酸三甲酯蒸馏混合物中硼酸三甲酯成分、含量的测定方法,即气相色谱一质谱法(GC-MS)。该方法简单、快捷、准确。确定了优化的GC-MS测定条件,适合不同合成条件下蒸馏后混合物中硼酸三甲酯的定性、定量。测定结果表明,该方法对同一条件下合成混合物中硼酸三甲酯做测定分析,加标回收率在91.8%¹00.5%,相对标准偏差1.9%100.5%,相对标准偏差1.9%⁴.1%,检出限3.64 mg/mL。通过对16组不同工艺合成条件下混合物中硼酸三甲酯的测定分析,该方法重复性较好,较为稳定,对硼酸三甲酯检测分析具有重要意义。     

Innovation by co-evolution in natural resource industries: The Norwegian experience

Some resource-based economies become wealthy while others stay poor and Norway belongs to the first category. This paper argues that part of the answer to why Norway has managed to benefit from its rich natural resources is found in the formation of a well-functioning national innovation system. The paper integrates the innovation system approach with a historical approach through the concept of co-evolution. The empirical study investigates how innovation systems evolve in natural resource industries through analysing the co-evolution between industry, knowledge organisations and national policy in the Norwegian aluminium and petroleum sectors. Parallels are found in the development of these two sectors, which are: (i) the deliberate use of concession laws to seize value creation and technological development from foreign direct investments, (ii) the establishment and prioritisation of state-owned companies and (iii) the more or less intentional formation of a national innovation system. The paper points to the relevance of analysing the historical evolution of national innovation systems to understand the creation of their specific path-dependent characteristics, to analyse how policy influences the creation and working of innovation systems, to use a multilevel approach in studies of innovation systems and to consider how innovation processes in different industries are linked in value chains and through knowledge flows.     

Comparative assessment of water treatment using polymeric and inorganic coagulants

Portable water plays a vital role in improving human life, particularly in controlling the spread of diseases. However, problems associated with lack of potable water are still common especially in developing countries including Malawi. Until now little information exists on the effectiveness of available commercial coagulants used by national water boards in Malawi. Therefore, this study was undertaken in Southern Region Water Board (SRWB) to investigate the efficiency of polymeric coagulants (sufdfloc 3850 and algaefloc 19s) in turbidity reduction comparative with inorganic coagulant (aluminium sulphate) at Zomba, Liwonde, Mangochi, Chikwawa and Mulanje Treatment plants. The jar test method was used to determine the effectiveness of the water coagulants. The results revealed that sudfloc 3850 was most effective in reducing turbidity at Mangochi (99.4 ± 0.06%) and Liwonde (97.2 ± 0.04%) using 0.4 mg L⁻¹ flocculant dose. The Zomba, Mulanje and Chikwawa plants gave 19.56 ± 0.03%, 29.23 ± 0.02% and 9.43 ± 0.02% total reductions respectively. Algaefloc 19s afforded the highest turbidity reduction at Liwonde and Mangochi plants (98.66 ± 0.06 and 97.48 ± 0.05% at a dose of 0.4 and 0.6 mg L⁻¹ respectively), while Chikwawa provided the lowest (9.52 ± 0.01%). At the Zomba and Mulanje plants 20.5 ± 0.03% and 28.4 ± 0.04% reductions were obtained respectively. The inorganic flocculant, alum provided a 99.0 ± 0.05% and 98.6 ± 0.04% reduction at a dose of 4.0 mg L⁻¹ and 6.0 mg L⁻¹ at Zomba and Liwonde plants respectively. The lowest reductions in turbidity were achieved at Chikwawa (7.50 ± 0.01%), Mangochi (12.97 ± 0.02%) and Mulanje (25.00 ± 0.02). The best and optimum pH ranges for polymeric and inorganic coagulants were 7.20–7.80 and 7.35 to 7.57 respectively. The results further revealed that sudfloc 3850 and algaefloc 19s achieved faster formation of heavy flocs than alum. At 0.4 mg L⁻¹ flocculant dosage sudfloc 3850 and algaefloc 19s required ten times lower dosages than alum. Therefore, the polymeric coagulants could be used instead of alum, the choice dependant on the type of water.     

含杂硼酸铝晶须的分离精制试验

采用沉降分离方式 ,对含杂硼酸铝晶须进行分离精制 ,得到的硼酸铝晶须产品各项性能指标达到国外同类产品指标 ,并得到沉降分离的最佳工艺条件和操作参数     

Effects of Short‐term and Long‐term Aluminium Stress on Photosynthesis,Respiration, and Reproductive Capacity in a Unicellular Green Flagellate (Euglena gracilis)

Effects of short‐term (1 h exposure) and long‐term (7 d exposure) aluminium stress on photosynthesis and reproductive capacity have been studied in Euglena gracilis strain Z. Following concentrations of Al_tot (added as AlCl₃) were tested: 0.5 mg L^‐1, 1.0 mg L^‐1, 1.5 mg L^‐1, 2.5 mg L^‐1, 5.0 mg L^‐1, 7.5 mg L^‐1, 10.0 mg L^‐1, and 15.0 mg L^‐1 Al, respectively. Growth rates at different aluminium concentrations did not show significant differences, except at 15.0 mg L^‐1Al. Initial respiration was higher in long‐term than in the short‐term experiments. It is supposed that an energy‐dependent mechanism of excretion of aluminium ions has been active in the stressed cells. Consequently, the cells of E. gracilis after long‐term exposure to aluminium are believed to be more acclimatised to the aluminium stress. Photosynthetic efficiency (PE) has been negatively affected by aluminium in all experiments performed. Differences between control algae and those treated with aluminium were significant in all cases. PE in long‐term experiments was in general significantly higher at all concentrations of aluminium studied, compared to the short‐term experiments. The aluminium concentrations tested led only to a general decrease in PE while the level of decrease was not especially concentration‐dependent. In general, aluminium tolerance of E. gracilis can be estimated as low, especially by short‐term exposure. However, good acclimatisation capacity of this green flagellate to aluminium doses by long‐term exposure can be supposed.     

无机晶须研究进展Ⅲ:碱式硫酸镁晶须的制备及应用

碱式硫酸镁晶须是新型的阻燃、增强纤维材料,有着广阔的应用前景。文章较详细地介绍了碱式硫酸镁晶须的性质、制备方法及用途。指出加强其应用基础研究,是镁资源综合利用的一条重要途径。     

天然石膏及其开发利用研究进展

在总结天然石膏的矿物特征及其开发利用发展变化的基础上，重点介绍了其开发利用研究的主要进展，即利用天然石膏制备超高强石膏材料、硫酸钙晶须、石膏超细粉，以及介绍了天然石膏先进的煅烧设备——Peter磨和单转子锤式烘干机。     

Low levels of aluminium causing death of brown trout (salmo trutta fario,L.) in a Swiss alpine lake

Several attempts to stock fish in acidified alpine lakes have so far proven unsuccessful. In an effort to investigate the problems associated with the stocking of fish, the Swiss alpine Lake Laiozza was chosen for experimentation. An analysis of Lake Laiozza water revealed low ion concentrations (0.5 mg Ca/L, 0.13 mg Na/L, 0.02 mg Cl/L), moderate aluminium concentrations (121 ± 28 µg Al/L), and a moderately low pH (5.41 ± 0.21). As in common practice, one and two year old brown trout were exposed in a closed keep-net in Lake Laiozza. The water of Lake Laiozza proved to be acutely toxic to the fish. Mucous clogging of the gills, gill epithelial damage, plasma electrolyte losses, and high hematocrits were the predominant symptoms observed. All symptoms observed are typical for an acute intoxication with aluminium. This stands in contrast to the generally accepted view that aluminium concentrations lower than 200 µg Al/L should not be toxic to brown trout at a pH 5.4. The low Na and Cl and low Ca concentrations in the Lake Laiozza water seem to have rendered the fish much more susceptible to aluminium intoxication.