物理探查方法在土壤改良中的应用研究

如何快速全面的了解整个改良区的土层分布情况及盐碱化程度,如何对改良的效果进行了有效的检测,是盐碱地改良工作中的所要解决的问题,应用物理探查的方法解决这些问题,证实其在盐碱地的改良工程中是一种可行,有效的方法,并拟在国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目专题－松嫩平原盐碱地综合治理与农业持续发展研究中采用此项技术方法,进行跨学科的技术应用研究。     

甘肃金川铜镍矿床地质—地球物理综合找矿模型

据金川铜镍硫化矿床大量物化探资料,对金川铜镍矿4个矿区,按剥蚀程度不同分为3种类型:Ⅰ矿区矿体和岩体均出露;Ⅱ矿区岩体出露矿体隐伏;Ⅲ、Ⅳ矿区岩体和矿体均为隐伏;分别根据岩体、矿床赋存的地球物理—地球化学场特征,建立了矿床地质—地球物理综合找矿模型,并阐述了矿床的区域地球物理场标志。     

LaCoste&Romberg航空重力仪K因子的动态标定及其特性研究

摆杆尺度因子（K因子）是反映LaCoste&Romberg航空重力仪线性响应特性的最重要参数. 利用基于地面参考数据的外部标定法和基于交叉点不符值的内部标定法分别对其进行了标定，实测数据分析表明，K因子的内、外部标定结果非常一致，且利用新K因子计算的空中重力扰动，其精度较采用出厂值提高了02～04 mGal. 内部标定法具有较好的实际应用价值. 研究了K因子与滤波尺度的相关性，表明重力仪可能为一非线性响应系统，即K因子的大小与摆杆速度的变化有关.     

Laser Scanning的基本原理及其应用前景

首先介绍了激光测距仪的发展历程,针对应用领域的不同,分别对3维激光成像仪和机载/星载激光测高仪的测量原理进行了阐述,并分别介绍了两种激光测距仪的工作流程以及数据处理流程,最后对两种激光测距仪的应用范围进行了阐述,并把两种激光测距技术和普通摄影测量进行了比较,指出了激光测距技术相对于普通摄影测量的优点,即高精度性、穿透性、实时性。     

Three-dimensional mapping of salt stores in the Murray-Darling Basin,Australia: 2. Calculating landscape salt loads from airborne electromagnetic and laboratory data

Salt is widespread in the Australian landscape – in soil, regolith and groundwater – leading to concerns that land management practices may be putting much agricultural land and important water resources at risk of salinisation. Defining the location and nature of salt stores is an important first step in understanding the processes leading to salinity of soils, streams and groundwater resources, and predicting areas that may be at risk. Airborne geophysics can define subsurface salt stores and mobilisation pathways. Airborne electromagnetics (AEM) can map the three-dimensional conductivity structure of the landscape but does not, intrinsically, quantify the amount of salt. Salinity, moisture content, porosity and mineralogy all contribute to the electromagnetic signal, and each can vary significantly throughout the landscape.In the Lower Balonne catchment, Queensland, the relationship between AEM and the amount of salt in the landscape was quantified using laboratory analyses of pore fluids from core samples. A general statistical relationship was established between AEM conductivity and salt load (defined as the product of pore fluid salinity, porosity and moisture content)—with a significant positive correlation although data were generally widely dispersed. Comparison of calculated salt load with borehole electromagnetic logs gives insight into the factors contributing to dispersion in the AEM data.The relationship transforms bulk conductivity to salt load in 5 m layers, allowing the generation of a three-dimensional map of the salt load. This is a powerful tool for identifying areas that may require monitoring and management interventions to reduce salinity risk. An example is given of salt loads beneath an established irrigation area in the Lower Balonne catchment, Queensland.     

Airborne gravimetry used in precise geoid computations by ring integration

Two detailed geoids have been computed in the region of North Jutland. The first computation used marine data in the offshore areas. For the second computation the marine data set was replaced by the sparser airborne gravity data resulting from the AGMASCO campaign of September 1996. The results of comparisons of the geoid heights at on-shore geometric control showed that the geoid heights computed from the airborne gravity data matched in precision those computed using the marine data, supporting the view that airborne techniques have enormous potential for mapping those unsurveyed areas between the land-based data and the off-shore marine or altimetrically derived data. Received: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998     

Momentum and energy balance equations for compacting sediments

Coupled energy and momentum balance equations are derived for a one-dimensional sequence of compacting sediments. These transient, nonlinear partial differential equations represent the one-dimensional equations of state for an accumulating sedimentary basin. A numerical solution is presented which provides a first-order approximation for porosity, temperature, and fluid pressures in the northern Gulf of Mexico. It seems that compaction disequilibrium is the primary mechanism for development of excess fluid pressures. Furthermore, the coupling of the equations demonstrates that temperature and pressure cannot be treated independently as may have been done in diagenetic studies. Some areas for further investigations are indicated.     

海洋地球物理数据库设计与实现

在对海洋地球物理数据类型和特点进行分析的基础上,从海洋地球物理元数据、基础数据库和空间数据仓库等几个方面对海洋地球物理数据库进行设计,并基于C/S和B/S架构开发了海洋地球物理数据库管理系统。经应用实践,该系统能够实现海洋地球物理数据的高效化管理和便捷化共享,提高了数据的使用效率,满足海洋调查、科研、管理等工作的需求。     

甘肃北山红山铁矿地质—地球物理找矿模型预测隐伏矿

红山铁矿床产于青白口系变质岩中,属低品位大型沉积—变质型磁铁矿床。此类矿床的岩矿石组合中磁铁矿石具有较强磁性,围岩几乎无磁性。矿床的航(地)磁异常一般呈条带状展布,延伸范围较大,且与铁矿层的走向基本一致。当矿体出露或埋深浅时,磁异常连续性好、梯度陡、强度高的单峰异常,并伴有一定的负值异常,当矿床埋藏深度大时,表现为强度不大的低缓异常,是磁测找隐伏矿的地质—地球物理标志。经系统研究矿区以往磁测和勘探资料,提出预测隐伏矿及其赋存的构造有利部位。