Spatial and temporal evolution of a terminal fluvial fan system: the Permian Organ Rock Formation, South-east Utah, USA

The recognition of terminal fluvial systems, otherwise termed 'terminal fans' or 'distributary fluvial fan systems', preserved in the ancient rock record is based primarily on the recognition of facies characteristics indicative of a progressive downstream decrease in: (i) fluvial discharge; (ii) channel depth and width; (iii) lateral and vertical connectivity of channel-fill elements; and (iv) evidence for channellized flow and a systematic increase in: (i) evidence for sheetflood deposition; (ii) aeolian and/or playa deposits; and (iii) channel bifurcation. However, despite these criteria having been applied previously to a variety of outcrop successions, there is still no unifying facies model that adequately accounts for the complex stratigraphic architectural relationships expected for such systems, based on the varied styles of fluvial activity and system interaction known from modern examples. Moreover, few previous studies have given significant consideration to the long-term temporal evolution of terminal fluvial fans. These issues are addressed by this study of the Permian (Leonardian/Artinskian) Organ Rock Formation of the Paradox Basin, South-east Utah. A detailed stratigraphic framework based on 84 sedimentary logs demonstrates proximal to distal variations in sedimentary style. Integration of these data with high-resolution architectural panels depicting the geometry and facies characteristics of individual fluvial elements has enabled the development of a series of depositional models that account for both the spatial and temporal evolution of the system and which are representative of: (i) initial progradation of the fluvial system into the Paradox foreland basin; (ii) retreat of the fluvial system and expansion of a distal aeolian dune system; (iii) the final phase of fluvial progradation following aeolian dune deflation; and (iv) the final retrogradation of the fluvial system back towards the hinterland.     

Metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits in the Dexing region and simulating experiments

Based on the results of previous studies and under the direction of the theory of “ore deposit genesis”, the authors made use of high temperature and high pressure experimental facilities and conditions at the Tectono-geochemistry Research Room under the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and put the focus on the multi-source of tectonically controlling ore-forming materials, the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-episode hydrothermal activities and mineralization and the characteristics of multi-genesis and multi-ore deposition so as to shed light on the metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits. In addition simulating experiments were made on multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and rock and ore deformation, multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and mobilization and migration of ore-forming materials, and multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and superimposition and enrichment of ore-forming materials. The experimental results showed that under the action of multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic stress the deformation and fragmentation of not only rocks and ores have been intensified, and but also the ore-forming materials originally disbursed in the rocks and ores have been mobilized and migrated and superimposed and enriched. The experimental results also provided the scientific experimental data and grounds for deep-going research on the rules of metallogenesis and geneses of super-large ore deposits in the Dexing region, Jiangxi Province.     

CSAMT法和TEM法在铜陵龙虎山地区隐伏矿勘探中的应用

CSAMT法是深部隐伏矿勘探工作的重要手段之一。将CSAMT法用于铜陵龙虎山地区隐伏矿勘察,在深入认识研究区的成矿规律和控矿因素的基础上,对该区的CSAMT数据进行了预处理和反演,对比TEM法反演结果,电性特征的统一性验证了CSAMT法反演结果的可靠性。联合CSAMT和TEM反演结果成功地分辨出侵入岩体和岩浆热液的运移通道,为该区寻找隐伏矿提供了有效的勘探手段。     

Varved sediments of Lake Yoa (Ounianga Kebir,Chad) reveal progressive drying of the Sahara during the last 6100 years

The sedimentological and geochemical properties of a 7·47 m long laminated sequence from hypersaline Lake Yoa in northern Chad have been investigated, representing a unique, continuous 6100 year long continental record of climate and environmental change in the eastern Central Sahara. These data were used to reconstruct the Mid to Late Holocene history of this currently hyper‐arid region, in order to address the question of whether the Mid Holocene environmental transition from a humid to a dry Sahara was progressive or abrupt. This study involved a suite of analyses, including petrographic and scanning electron microscope examination of thin sections, X‐ray diffraction, X‐radiography, granulometry, loss on ignition and magnetic susceptibility. The potential of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence core scanning was tested at very high resolution. Detailed microscopic investigation revealed the sedimentary processes responsible for the formation of the fine laminations, identified the season during which they were formed, and confirmed their annually rhythmic nature. High‐resolution X‐ray fluorescence core scanning allowed the distinction of each individual lamination over the entire record, opening new perspectives for the study of finely laminated sediment sequences. Geochemical and mineralogical data reveal that, due to decreasing monsoon rainfall combined with continuous and strong evaporation, the hydrologically open and fresh Mid Holocene Lake Yoa slowly evolved into the present‐day hypersaline brine depleted in calcium, which has existed for about the past 1050 years. During the oldest part of the investigated period, Lake Yoa probably contained a permanently stratified lower water column that was nevertheless disrupted relatively frequently by mixing events. Deep‐water anoxia became more stable because of increased salinity‐driven density stratification. In parallel, the sediment grain‐size proxies record a progressive increase of aeolian input in the course of the last 6100 years. Altogether, all geochemical and sedimentological indicators point to a progressive drying of the eastern Central Sahara, strengthening previous conclusions based on palaeoecological indicators.     

我国钴矿矿产资源及其成矿作用

钴广泛应用于军事、钢铁、电器、机械等方面，它具有亲铁亲硫的双重性，在各类岩浆岩中的分布不均匀，由超基性岩向酸性岩，钴的含量迅速降低。我国钻矿资源呈现富矿少、贫矿多的特点，并且铬矿主要分布在甘肃、青海、新疆、吉林、陕西、云南、四川等地。按照矿床形成的成矿环境、矿床岩石组合，矿床类型划分为：与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩有关的硫化物钻矿、与海相火山喷发有关的钻多金属矿、与斑岩有关的铜钻矿、与砂岩有关的钻矿、与中酸性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩铁钻矿、与风化作用有关的钴矿等六类。     

玲珑-焦家式金矿构造变形岩相形迹大比例尺填图与构造成矿研究

本文提出构造变形岩相形迹概念———受地壳构造作用影响或控制的,能反映其形成构造地质环境、物理化学条件的那部分构造岩石单元或构造岩相建造要素。以胶东玲珑焦家式金矿床典型矿区为例,在该区用基础地质图件进行大比例尺构造变形岩相形迹填图,把能体现出成岩和成矿、各阶段蚀变和各阶段成矿作用的构造岩石单元区分开来,从而恢复各阶段的变形场和应力场;进而研究了构造应力场转化成矿的问题,建立了该区构造蚀变岩带的构造成矿演化模式;为探讨矿化、矿脉分布规律提供科学评价依据,为分析构造作用下流体成矿的构造物理化学场结构与界面提供基     

潮汐沉积率与沉积间断

在浙北奥陶系文昌组和长江三角洲开敞型淤泥质海岸非潮道潮汐纹层研究的基础上,得出与国外同类研究相近的沉积率。现代海岸进积速度和潮坪沉积的观察及测试证明,上述沉积率是难以置信的。现代潮坪观测表明,潮汐纹层在形成过程中即包含着改造,所保留的纹层占应形成数的不到１０％,其余９０％以上被侵蚀。小型层序是风暴和平静天气的产物,为风暴层序,与大小潮周期无关。其地层中保留的数量不到应生成数的１０％,其余９０％被改造。小型层序被侵蚀,其中的纹层随之消失。致使潮坪层序中保存的纹层数仅为应形成数的０．２％。被改造的纹层和单层留下的仅是侵蚀面,即小间断。在进行潮汐沉积高分辨率的研究时应充分重视沉积间断的作用     

关于亲花岗岩类矿床研究的进展和趋势

本文试就矿床与花岗岩类侵入体存在成因联系的证据、亲花岗岩类矿床形成的地球化学因素和岩石成因因素三方面的研究进展和趋势作简短概述。矿床和火成岩在地理上的伴生、分带现象、金属与特殊种属花岗岩类之间的关系、岩体微量元素的浓度与其伴生矿床的关系以及相对年代关系,是确定矿床和火成岩之间存在成因联系的依据。元素离子的电子层构造、离子半径和离子势等地球化学性质与矿石沉积地点、母火成岩成分、矿石形成方式、矿物生成顺序、矿石矿物成分、矿质沉淀温度以及矿石形成深度等都有内在联系。花岗岩类岩荣的形成与矿质的富集、岩浆和富水流体之间的关系和造矿元素在岩浆与富水流体之间的分配关系是控制矿床形成的三个关键性因素。     

重新认识和划分矿床类型——隐伏岩金矿体定位预测的一个重要前提

目前流行的岩金矿床分类方案是依据地表已遭受一定剥蚀的矿床地质特征和成因理论而建立的 ,为了有效地开展隐伏岩金矿体定位预测工作 ,必需重新认识和划分矿床类型 ,弄清哪些特征真正具有可比性。文中分析了现有分类方案中几个亟待解决的问题 ,结合金矿的“特殊性” ,提出应简化矿床类型、将成矿区带作为分类的目标 ,将成矿系统作为分类的基础。