Correcting superconducting gravity time-series using rainfall modelling at the Vienna and Membach stations and application to Earth tide analysis

We demonstrate the possibility to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of superconducting gravity time-series by correcting for local hydrological effects. Short-term atmospheric events associated with heavy rain induce step-like gravity signals that deteriorate the frequency spectrum estimates. Based on 4D modeling constrained by high temporal resolution rain gauge data, rainfall admittances for the Vienna and Membach superconducting gravity stations are calculated. This allows routine correction for Newtonian rain water effects, which reduces the standard deviation of residuals after tidal parameter adjustment by 10%. It also improves the correction of steps of instrumental origin when they coincide with step-like water mass signals.     

Climatic impacts of historical wetland drainage in Switzerland

The effects of historical land-use and land-cover changes on the climate of the Swiss Plateau in the different seasons were investigated. In the 19th century, a civil engineering project was initiated to reshape the lake and river system on the Swiss Plateau in order to ban the frequent flooding during extreme weather events. The landscape modifications consisted primarily of a conversion of wetlands with extended peat soils into a highly productive agricultural landscape. Historical maps (1800–1850) served as a basis for the reconstruction of the past land use. The “Lokal-Modell” of the Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling was used to conduct eight one-month long high-resolution simulations (1.5 × 1.5 km²) with present and past landscape conditions. The modified soil and surface properties led to distinctly altered energy and moisture exchanges at the surface and as a consequence affected the local and regional climate. The climatic changes show different characteristics and magnitudes in the cold (October – March) as compared to the warm season (April – September). The landscape modifications led to an average daytime cooling between −0.12 °C (January) and −0.61 °C (April) and a night-time warming of 0.19 °C−0.34 °C. The differences in the mean monthly temperatures show a warming of 0.1 °C−0.2 °C in the cold season and a cooling of similar magnitude in most of the study area in the warm season. The modification of the radiation budget and the surface energy balance distinctly affected the convective activity in the study area in the warm season, but had only a weak effect on convectivity in the cold season. The cloud coverage in the warm season is therefore distinctly reduced compared to the past.     

锰三角地区电解锰压滤渣高温可控脱硫生产活性微粉项目经济效益与社会效益分析

电解锰压滤渣是工业生产金属锰过程中采用湿法酸浸电解工艺产生的一种工业废渣。这种传统的废渣处理处置方式,极易造成严重的环境污染和地质灾害的发生。本次研究将电解锰压滤渣通过焙烧生产活性微粉、产生的脱硫烟气制硫酸,是一种能有效解决电解锰压滤渣处理处置和综合利用的方法。本文对"锰三角"地区拟建20万吨电解锰压滤渣焙烧生产活性微粉、脱硫烟气制硫酸生产示范线项目,进行了区域市场调研,对项目的经济效益与社会效益进行分析。该项目年均可实现销售收入4162.7万元,为当地循环经济和锰产业可持续发展探索了一条新的出路。     

高地应力硬脆性围岩开挖损伤区时效性扩展案例分析——特征与机制

硬脆性围岩在开挖完成后，其强度在高应力的影响下具有明显的时间效应，这导致围岩开挖损伤区的发展也呈现出与时间相关的特征。在岩石强度时效性演化模型的基础上，以锦屏二级水电站试验洞钻孔摄像、声波、变形监测等开挖损伤区实测结果为目标函数，采用正交设计方法、最小二乘支持向量机模型、粒子群优化算法等方法，建立了考虑时间效应的LSSVM-PSO智能反演分析方法，并以锦屏二级水电站试验洞为例，研究了开挖完成后的25 d里，围岩强度在高地应力条件下的时效性演化特征，进而获得这一时段内开挖损伤区扩展过程。研究结果表明：（1）高应力地区，隧洞开挖后，围岩损伤区的主要扩展方向受地应力控制，且最大扩展方向为最小主应力方向，且破坏区（破坏接近度FAI≥2）也集中于该方向； （2）开挖损伤区面积随时间近似呈S形曲线变化，表明开挖损伤区初始发展较为缓慢，随着时间推移呈现线性增加的趋势，最后又逐渐趋于稳定；（3）开挖后第3～10 d为开挖损伤区快速增长阶段。该研究成果对高应力地区硬脆性围岩开挖损伤区时效性演化研究具有指导意义。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测试地质样品中的基体效应及校正办法

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）法分析速度快、干扰较少并能同时测定多种元素，被广泛应用于地质调查样品的分析测试中，成为通用的无机化学元素分析测试工具.在测定复杂基体样品时，由于基体效应产生的各种干扰也会影响分析测试结果，包括光谱干扰、物理干扰、化学干扰、电离干扰等.以ICAP-6000型号仪器为例，结合仪器特点及实际工作经验，对复杂基体地质样品测定中出现干扰的原因、特点进行分析，探讨基体消除的方法以保障测试结果的准确性.     

地勘单位转变经济增长方式若干问题的思考

转变地勘单位的经济增长方式,提高各生产要素的使用效率,进而提高经济效益,推动地勘单位的经济持续、健康、全面的发展是当前急需解决的首要问题。本文在分析了地勘单位经济增长方式现状的基础上,指出了优化认识、优化资金配置、优化资本运行机制、优化内部管理、优化经营规模、优化人才成长环境等六个方面是转变地勘单位经济增长方式可选择的主要思路和途径。     

利用FHT法反演海洋重力

从快速 Hartley变换 (FHT)基本概念入手 ,给出了 Hotine核在平面近似、球面近似、Molodenskii近似下的反演模型。另对 FHT处理中所需的坐标转换以及边缘效应等问题加以讨论。同时 ,为了改善长波特性的重力场信息 ,利用 M阶次的参考重力场对上述 Molo-denskii模型进行了改化。     

冻结粉土动强度的荷载效应及长期极限动强度

荷载效应包括速率效应和疲劳效应两部分．速率效应使冻土的动强度和退荷回弹动弹模随应变速率加快而提高;疲劳效应使冻土的动强度随振频增加而下降,但在低应变速率下却使动强度略有提高．在高应变速率下动强度大于静强度,在低应变速度下动强度小于静强度,其间存在一个临界应变速率．通过动强度－破坏振次关系,可确定长期极限动强度．     

兖滕两淮地区采煤塌陷地的动态演变规律与综合整治

兖滕两淮地区作为全国１９个近期国土综合开发重点地区之一,是华东地区最大的能源基地,煤炭长期超强度开采对缓解华东地区能源供应紧张局面做出一不可磨灭的贡献,但由此引起的土地塌陷衍生出一系列生态环境问题及深层次经济社会矛盾,解决这些矛盾与问题的有效途径就是区域可持续发展的角度出发,依据开采沉陷理论和流体力学理论,在探讨采煤塌陷地动态演变规律基础上,实施限制性煤炭开战略和多元化协调开采方式,推行政府,企业     

Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of 1994 Lake Winnipeg cores

Conventional radiocarbon dating of Lake Winnipeg core samples has produced erroneously old ages due to the incorporation of pre-Quaternary carbon derived from carbonaceous rocks, soils and sediments in the watershed, as well as a hard-water effect resulting from leaching of calcareous rocks and soils. To circumvent these problems and develop a reliable chronology for the Lake Winnipeg core series, a total of 64 samples from the Lake Winnipeg core series were processed to isolate well preserved macrofossils suitable for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Here we report six radiocarbon ages derived from plant macrofossils and ostracodes, and reconstruct aspects of the depositional environment of each sample based on the associated macrofossil assemblage.