我国环渤海地区迈向21世纪面临的国际竞争与国际合作

本文对沿海地带北方区段环渤海地区的国际、国内环境及其战略地位进行了分析，并对其目前的国际贸易与国际合作现状和问题，以及加强其国际竞争地位的策略进行了重点论述。     

FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY

Published evidence suggests that American geographers largely ignore foreign languages in their professional activities. Trends in the whole educational system, weakened graduate requirements and the cultural isolationism of the Anglo-Saxon world explain the weak language competency of the discipline in the U.S. American geography cannot contribute to the gamut of sound international knowledge while this situation persists.     

当代发达国家对发展中国家的新掠夺—东南亚金融危机的再思考

二战以来,随着殖地民的纷纷独立,商品贸易成为国际经济联系的主要形,发达国家主要通过不平等的价格体系来剥削发展中国家,随着“后工业化”的到来,布雷顿森林体系的解体,国际垄断资本的跨国直接投资和投机成为剥削发展中国家的重要形式。     

气候变化与碳排放权分配

The scientific fact with respect to climate change shows that human activities have resulted in the increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration. The essential solution to climate change issue is to reduce or eliminate the excessive anthropogenic GHG emissions. Therefore, the allocation of carbon emission right (CER) involves the social economic development, people's life and existence rights of all countries. Based on the substantive issues of climate change, this paper analyses the basic properties of climate resources and CER, discusses the allocation schemes of CER and makes comparison to foreign CER allocation schemes. In addition, it also presents the important factors that affect CER allocation.     

Advancing the understanding of variations of Arctic sea ice optical and thermal behaviors through an international research and mobility project

In recent decades, significant changes of Arctic sea ice have taken place. These changes are expected to influence the surface energy balance of the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. To quantify this energy ba...     

Effect of reciprocity on public opinion of international climate treaties: experimental evidence from the US and China

This study reports survey results of American and Chinese citizens administered to determine the effect of reciprocity and the absence of reciprocity on public support of international climate treaties. American and Chinese college students and adults were surveyed about their support for signing an international climate treaty including commitments to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, conditional on the other country signing the same treaty or not. This study finds knowledge of other-country non-support on average decreases cooperative behaviour among all age groups in both the US and China. Knowledge of China’s support for the treaty is found on average to increase support among American adults, while having no noticeable effect on average support among American college students. Chinese citizens are found to not respond positively to reciprocity. Although not statistically significant at conventional significance levels, knowledge of the US’s support is found on average to decrease support among Chinese college students and adults.

Key policy insights

• To increase support for international climate treaties, knowledge that another major emitter will sign the treaty does not unanimously increase domestic support.

• Knowing the other country will not sign the treaty decreases domestic support for signing an international climate treaty for both Americans and Chinese, relative to not being told about the other country’s decision to sign the treaty.

• Knowing China will sign an international climate treaty on average increases American adult support for signing the same treaty, while American college student support is unaffected.

• Although not statistically significant at conventional significance levels, knowing the US will sign an international climate treaty on average decreases Chinese support for signing the same treaty.

• Policy-makers pursuing increased international support of climate treaties by first getting support from countries with substantial historical emissions might deter international support if little attention to fairness concerns is given.

     

城市气象研究国际前沿动态综述

通过梳理2018年8月在美国纽约举行的第十届城市气候国际会议主要研究成果,分类汇总了城市气象研究的最新国际进展与发展趋势,包括城市气候过程、城市环境下气候变化适应与应对、气候条件下城市规划和管理、最新城市气象探测技术、城市环境数值模拟、大城市气候、城市遥感、城市地区极端天气等方面。在此基础上,根据我国城市化发展特性,探讨了我国城市气象研究的未来发展方向。     

Diaspora strategies in the sending states of Southeast Asia: Rights,skills and questions of value

Over the past decade there has been a surge of academic and policy interest in the contributions of transnational migrants in furthering national development objectives in their ‘home’ countries. These approaches tend to be bifurcated into two distinct categories: (1) ‘diaspora strategies’ that target the participation in national development objectives of sought‐after elite, high‐skilled migrants and (2) migration‐as‐development strategies, which focus on facilitating and channeling the economic and social remittances of nonelite, low‐skilled migrants. Although these broad categorizations have never been entirely adequate in capturing the complexity of international migration flows, a conceptual division between them persists, with very real consequences for state policies in migrant‐sending countries in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the separation between diaspora strategies and migration‐as‐development frameworks through a focus on rights and skills, and questions of relative labour value. I argue that while diaspora strategies and migration‐as‐development frameworks cannot simply be merged, the academic separation between them should be challenged and more in‐depth theoretical engagement should be encouraged. I further suggest that migration policy makers should strive to evaluate their migration policies to address the increasing complexities of contemporary migration.     

加强极地国际合作研究和考察的契机--2007-2008国际极地年

国际极地科学界正在酝酿一个大型的国际极地考察与研究合作计划--2007-2008国际极地年计划(IPY)。本文分析了提出IPY的科学背景,译介了IPY计划制订小组公布计划框架的5个科学主题。根据对IPY科学主题的分析,认为本次IPY反映了公众对于极地环境发生快速变化的深度关切。高密度、新技术、多学科的国际合作考察与研究将成为本次IPY最显著的特点。2007-2008IPY将是我国极地考察与研究加强国际合作,迅速提升研究水平的一个难得的契机。     

The suitability of floodplain sediment as a global sampling medium: evidence from China

Research undertaken by IGCP 259 (International Geochemical Mapping) indicates that wide-spaced sampling is a fundamental concept of international geochemical mapping as it appears to provide the only practical way to obtain a relative rapid (10–20 years) overview of global geochemistry. The main aim of this study is to test the suitability of floodplain sediment as a global sampling medium.Thirteen floodplain sediment samples and 13 stream sediment samples were taken at the exit of 13 super large drainage basins (SCB). The areal extents of these basins are in the order of 1000–10,000 km². Within each SCB, 3–11 stream sediment samples each representing a component catchment basin (CCB) of 100–1000 km² were also taken. Fourty nine elements were analyzed. The results were compared with the average values derived from calculating thousands of stream sediment data available from China's National Geochemical Mapping (RGNG) program. Strong similiarities were demonstrated in distribution and trends among the three levels of data. The set of floodplain sediment data shows great coincidence with RGNR stream sediment data.