湖南省国际旅游客源市场开发研究

本文在分析湖南省国际旅游客源市场现状特征的基础上，阐明了该省国际客源市场的发展前景，着重讨论了进一步开发湖南省国际客源市场的对策措施；（1）建立合理的国际客源市场区域经济；（2）加大湖南省旅游资源的开发力度；（3）搞好基础设施建设；（4）加大旅游产品的促销力度，把湖南旅游精品推向全世界。     

Equitable utilisation and effective protection of sharing transboundary water resources:international rivers of western China

Western China includes 12 provincial divisions (the 7 provinces of Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and; 5 autonomous regions of Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Guangxi; and one city of Chongqing), which comprise 71.4% of the national land area, 28.5% of the national population and produce 17.5% of the national GDP in China. There are 17 countries that have riparian relationships with western China, most of which are water-short countries. All are listed by UN ESCAP as countries with potential water crisis. The co-operative development and coordinated management of international rivers in western China is an important step toward the implementation of the national Great Western Development program. Taking into account of the national strategy and object hierarchy, as well as the development demand of the western region, it is necessary to pursue the multi-disciplinary study of the equitable allocation, utilisation, and ecoenvironment protection of transboundary water resources in the region. Such efforts will undoubtedly provide scientific evidence and support for the decision-making of the environmental protection and ecological construction and management in the western regions, the enforcement of the sub-regional economic co-operation, mitigation of trans-boundary conflicts, and enhancing bio-diversity conservation.     

ENGLISH AS INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE IN GEOGRAPHY: DEVELOPMENT AND LIMITATIONS

ABSTRACT. The rise and spread of English as a language of international communication is discussed through an analysis of two bodies of data: languages used in twenty‐nine International Geographical Congresses (1871–2000); and utilization of supplementary abstracts or text in international languages in geographical periodicals and serials, from initial use of English in 1882 to widespread use of it in 2002. Five stages in the use of English are recognized: 1) no use of English; 2) provision of abstracts in English; 3) occasional inclusion of articles in English; 4) publication of special issues in English, particularly for international meetings; and 5) a shift to English as the basic language of the text. English provides a window into the geographical literature; but it is only a window, not the full panorama of the richly diverse geographical literature in the six main languages that have been used in International Geographical Congresses and in the fifty‐five languages that have been used in geographical serials.     

中国速报震级与国际通用震级的初步对比分析

本文主要利用１９８６－１９８７两年速报震级资料，统计分析了中国地震速报台网确定震级的精度，全国各速报台相对中国地震速报台网测定震级的偏差。同时统计分析了中国地震速报台网相对中国地震台临时报告、美国地质调查所震中初定报告ＰＤＥ和国际地震中心ＩＳＣ报告震级的偏差，并对所得结果进行了初步分析。     

微体化石研究中应注意的问题

多数微体化石仅是生物体的一部分，我国微体古生物学家对生物整体或器官的研究不够，相当多的作者仍在命名大量的形态属种，落后于世界古生物学的发展现状。微体化石是重要的，但微体古生物学家不能过份强调微体化石的重要而忽视与大化石和岩相研究的结合。在化石处理和鉴定过程中，由于微体古生物研究者对混杂问题注意和警惕不够，以至混入现代生物，误作化石。我国小壳化石的新属中，至少有５个属都是现代植物的种子或颖果，有的属     

中国国际河流研究进展

1IntroductionThe increasing momentum of economic globalization and regional geopolitical cooperation no longer stand as the major drivers of a new world order. Resource and environmental diplomacy are now regarded as new elements establishing future international patterns. Transboundary resources and environmental issues in international river basins have attracted increasing global concern and professional attention. The impact of such issues penetrates into national security, international e…     

美国大都市旅游带的生长机理及其启示

以纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥为核心的美国三大都市旅游带,是伴随着美国城市化的形成而出现的。在美国三大都市旅游带的发展进程中,城市郊区化起了积极的联结与推进作用。某种意义上说,是郊区化的出现导致了多中心城市空间结构的形成和巨型城市带的兴起,进而促进了大都市旅游带的形成。比较美国三大都市旅游带与我国沿海大都市旅游带的发展,美国作为城市化高度发达国家,在城市化的进程中,城市空间规模的扩张、城市数量的增多和城市经济规模的扩大,推动了都市旅游带的发展。美国都市旅游带的生成特征与生长机理对我国沿海都市旅游带发展具有一定的启示。     

美、日、韩动漫产业发展经验及对我国的启示

目前,动漫产业已发展成庞大产业集群和消费市场,全球形成了美、日、韩三足鼎立的动漫市场格局。我国动漫产业方兴未艾,有关省市积极发展这一新兴产业,但产业规模小,产业链结构不合理,市场化运作不规范,专业人才短缺,明显落后于美、日、韩等国。本文基于我国比较优势,提出旨在发展和提升动漫产业竞争力的若干见解。首先是弘扬传统文化,塑造深入人心的动漫形象;其次,重视动漫产业链中上游产品的设计和原创,着力开发动漫产业链中相关的衍生产品,进一步优化产业链;第三,寻求适合本国动漫发展产业模式和创建和谐、良性的产业竞争内外部环境。     

Ellipsoidal vertical deflections and ellipsoidal gravity disturbance: Case studies

First, we present three different definitions of the vertical which relate to (i) astronomical longitude and astronomical latitude as spherical coordinates in gravity space, (ii) Gauss surface normal coordinates (also called geodetic coordinates) of type ellipsoidal longitude and ellipsoidal latitude and (iii) Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates of type spheroidal longitude and spheroidal latitude in geometry space. Up to terms of second order those vertical deflections agree to each other. Vertical deflections and gravity disturbances relate to a reference gravity potential. In order to refer the horizontal and vertical components of the disturbing gravity field to a reference gravity field, which is physically meaningful, we have chosen the Somigliana-Pizzetti gravity potential as well as its gradient. Second, we give a new closed-form representation of Somigliana-Pizzetti gravity, accurate to the sub Nano Gal level. Third, we represent the gravitational disturbing potential in terms of Jacobi ellipsoidal harmonics. As soon as we take reference to a normal potential of Somigliana-Pizzetti type, the ellipsoidal harmonics of degree/order (0,0), (1,0), (1, − 1), (1,1) and (2,0) are eliminated from the gravitational disturbing potential. Fourth, we compute in all detail the gradient of the gravitational disturbing potential, in particular in orthonormal ellipsoidal vector harmonics. Proper weighting functions for orthonormality on the International Reference Ellipsoid are constructed and tabulated. In this way, we finally arrive at an ellipsoidal harmonic representation of vertical deflections and gravity disturbances. Fifth, for an ellipsoidal harmonic Gravity Earth Model (SEGEN: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/research/paper/coefficients/coefficients.zip) up to degree/order 360/360 we compute the global maps of ellipsoidal vertical deflections and ellipsoidal gravity disturbances which transfer a great amount of geophysical information in a properly chosen equiareal ellipsoidal map projection.     

第3代国际通信系统控制数据

第3代国际气象通信系统是中国气象局面向未来,适应全球通信系统(GTS)发展计划的新一代通信系统。该系统既可以支持原有的报文交换,又可以支持文件交换。第3代国际通信系统中控制数据是国际通信系统运行的基础,这对国际通信系统中控制数据和控制数据制作也提出了更高的要求,要求控制数据制作独立于国际通信系统之外。并且,要求控制数据制作和维护简单、快捷、可靠。该文介绍了控制数据的稳定性、精确性、灵活性、复杂性等特点,控制数据对文件级、公报级、报告级收发、编辑、收集、归档等处理的作用,控制数据文件的制作方法,新旧控制数据在制作方面的优缺点比较。