大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)荧光AFLP分析体系的建立及优化

以大泷六线鱼为材料,通过对DNA提取质量和浓度、EcoR Ⅰ/MseⅠ酶切反应时间、Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度以及选择性扩增中预扩增产物稀释倍数等关键因素进行研究,建立并优化了大泷六线鱼荧光AFLP分子标记反应体系.用优化的反应体系,筛选到10对适合大泷六线鱼的引物,为今后利用AFLP标记技术进行大泷六线鱼...     

拟穴青蟹(CA)n微卫星DNA 多态性引物筛选

利用FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP Sequences Containing repeats) 技术建立拟穴青蟹Scylla paramamosain基因组文库, 并与生物素标记的(CA)15 寡核苷酸探针杂交, 联合磁珠富集法构建拟穴青蟹微卫星富集文库。测序194 个阳性菌落, 分析其中的150 条序列, 结果表明: 两碱基重复类型占90%以上, 其中重复拷贝数在30 以上的占27.45%; 含微卫星座位189 个, 其中完美型146 个、非完美型28个和复合型15 个。设计125 对引物扩增一个拟穴青蟹野生群体(含20 个个体), 其中的19 对引物能稳定扩增且片段大小基本符合理论长度。遗传变异分析表明, 17 个位点表现出高度多态性, 16 个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg 平衡(P<0.05), 4 组两两位点间存在连锁不平衡现象(P<0.0026, 经Bonferroni 法校正), 7 个微卫星位点可能存在无效等位基因。若排除混合微卫星位点的引物对以及扩增位点PIC (polymorphism information content)值在0.5 以下的引物对, 则13 对引物能用于拟穴青蟹群体遗传学等研究。     

鲢AFLP和微卫星标记连锁图谱构建

以一对分别来自长江中、下游野生鲢及其90尾杂交后代为作图群体,分别构建了鲢雌、雄亲本AFLP和微卫星混合标记连锁图谱和鲢性别平均连锁图谱。鲢性别平均连锁图谱含254个标记(包括46个微卫星标记和208个AFLP标记),由23个连锁群、8个三联体及9个连锁对组成,图谱总长1 146.6 cM,覆盖率74.6%,249个座位间平均间隔15.5 cM。鲢性别平均图谱标记分布不均匀,在不同连锁群间以及同一连锁群上的不同区域,都存在标记密度显著差别。比较雌、雄图谱座位同线性关系,发现1个可能与性别决定相关的重组抑制区。该图谱是构建高密度微卫星标记图谱的起点,其分布清楚的微卫星标记为鲢及其近缘物种遗传资源评价等研究奠定了基础。     

基于形态参数和AFLP标记的文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)不同地理群体遗传变异分析

应用方差分析和Tukey多重比较对文蛤的辽宁(LN)、山东(SD)、江苏(JS)、广西(GX)4个自然地理群体的7个壳形态参数进行了研究,结果发现,SD和JS群体间差异不显著,LN和Gx群体差异不显著,Gx群体与SD和JS群体间差异显著(P<0.05).利用4对引物组合对这4个群体进行了AFLP扩增,共得到236个位点,其中特有位点14个,这些特有位点可作为群体鉴别的特征性标记.遗传多样性分析表明,4个文蛤群体的遗传多样性水平均较高,而以Gx群体最高,Nei's基因多样性指数和Shannon's多样性指数分别达到0.2636、0.3961,sD群体最低.分别为0.2308、0.3462.从群体间遗传距离和NJ法构建的亲缘关系谱系图来看,LN和SD群体的遗传距离最近(0.0394),首先聚在一起,而Gx群体与其他3个群体间都较远(0.1271-0.1586),单独分出一支,这说明Gx群体已发生了明显的遗传分化,用它与其他3个群体杂交可望较大幅度地提高遗传多样性水平.     

真鲷、黑鲷及其杂交子代的染色体构成与AFLP分析

采用核型分析和AFLP技术对真鲷、黑鲷及其杂交子代进行遗传差异分析。结果显示真鲷、黑鲷和杂交子代均含有48条染色体,核型分别为2n=2st+46t,NF=48、2n=4m+4sm+2st+38t,NF=56和2n=30m+8sm+2st+8t=48,NF=86,杂交子代核型与其父、母本种均不一致。两对AFLP选扩引物组合在真鲷、黑鲷和杂交子代中共扩增到278个条带,其中黑鲷特异性条带93条、真鲷特异性条带108条;杂交子代中分别出现了21条父本种(黑鲷)特异条带和67条母本种(真鲷)特异条带,另出现了15条非双亲条带。杂交子代与真鲷、黑鲷的遗传相似系数和遗传距离分别为0.113、0.350和2.180、1.050,表明杂交子代总体上更偏向于母本种。染色体核型和AFLP条带分析结果表明真鲷(♀)×黑鲷(♂)所获得的杂交子代为含有48条染色体的异源二倍体,且父、母本遗传物质在杂交中发生了部分重组,杂交子代表现出一定的偏母系遗传特性。     

Genetic diversity of populations and clones of Rhopilema esculentum in China based on AFLP analysis

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLP) markers were developed to assess the genetic variation of populations and clones of Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye(Scyphozoa,Rhizostomatidae).One hundred and seventy-nine loci from 56 individuals of two hatchery populations and two wild populations were genotyped with five primer combinations.The polymorphic ratio,Shannon’s diversity index and average heterozygosity were 70.3%,0.346 and 0.228 for the white hatchery population,74.3%,0.313,and 0.201 for the red hatchery population,79.3%,0.349,and 0.224 for the Jiangsu wild population,and 74.9%,0.328 and 0.210 for the Penglai wild population,respectively.Thus,all populations had a relatively high level of genetic diversity.A specific band was identified that could separate the white from the red hatchery population.There was 84.85% genetic differentiation within populations.Individual cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA) suggested that hatchery populations and wild populations could be divided.For the hatchery populations,the white and red populations clustered separately;however,for the wild populations,Penglai and Jiangsu populations clustered together.The genetic diversity at the clone level was also determined.Our data suggest that there are relatively high genetic diversities within populations but low genetic differentiation between populations,which may be related to the long-term use of germplasm resources from Jiangsu Province for artificial seeding and releasing.These findings will benefit the artificial seeding and conservation of the germplasm resources.     

青岛裙带菜孢子体野生种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析

采用优化的基因组总DNA提取方法,按照经典的AFLP分析路线,对30株青岛近海野生裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)孢子体种群内遗传多样性进行了AFLP分析.利用1对引物扩增出38条清晰可重复的带,其中32条呈现多态性,多态位点比例为84.21%,根据引物扩增的指纹图谱,计算出的种群内部平均观测等位基因数(Na)为1.8421、平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.375 4、平均基因多样性指数,即Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.235 1,Shannon's 多样性信息指数(I)为0.368 4.该种群内遗传距离的分布范围从0.026 7～0.804 4,结果显示,野生种群内个体间各项遗传指数水平均较高,种群内遗传变异丰富.聚类分析表明,在遗传距离为0.21的阈值处,30个个体划分为2大类群,推测青岛野生裙带菜进化上在遗传距离为0.21时发生第一次分化.     

Genetic analysis of floating Enteromorpha prolifera in the Yellow Sea with AFLP marker

Extremely large accumulation of green algae Enteromorpha prolifera floated along China’coastal region of the Yellow Sea ever since the summer of 2008.Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity and relationships among E. prolifera samples collected from 9 affected areas of the Yellow Sea.Two hundred reproducible fragments were generated with 8 AFLP primer combinations,of which 194 (97%) were polymorphic. The average Nei’s genetic diversity, the coefficiency of genetic differentiation (Gst), and the average gene flow estimated from Gst in the 9 populations were 0.4018, 0.6404 and 0.2807 respectively. Cluster analysis based on the unweighed pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) showed that the genetic relationships within one population or among different populations were all related to their collecting locations and sampling time. Large genetic differentiation was detected among the populations.The E. prolifera originated from different areas and were undergoing a course of mixing.