Backward automatic calibration for three-dimensional landslide models

Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information about the soils properties is of poor quality.For landslide stability assessment back-analysis calibration is usually carried out by time consuming trial-and-error procedure.This paper presents a new automatic Decision Support System that supports the selection of the soil parameters for three-dimensional models of landslides based on monitoring data.The method considering a pool of possible solutions,generated through permutation of soil parameters,selects the best ten configurations that are more congruent with the measured displacements.This reduces the operator biases while on the other hand allows the operator to control each step of the computation.The final selection of the preferred solution among the ten best-fitting solutions is carried out by an operator.The operator control is necessary as he may include in the final decision process all the qualitative elements that cannot be included in a qualitative analysis but nevertheless characterize a landslide dynamic as a whole epistemological subject,for example on the base of geomorphological evidence.A landslide located in Northeast Italy has been selected as example for showing the system potentiality.The proposed method is straightforward,scalable and robust and could be useful for researchers and practitioners.     

往复流作用下海底管道局部冲刷机制数值模拟

基于开源的计算流体力学模式REEF3D,建立了海底管道局部冲刷水槽数值模型,在验证单向流实验结果的基础上,进一步对往复流作用下的海底管道局部冲刷机制进行了研究,并作对比分析。研究表明,总体上往复流对管道所在海床的局部冲刷规模比单向流弱。当流向改变后,原先下游的堆积区转变成上游,优先受到冲刷,并填充到管道下方的冲刷坑,同时使水流在管道下方的作用减弱。这种回填过程使短周期下的往复流作用需要更长的冲淤平衡时间。在回填与冲刷的共同作用下,上下游的冲刷坑坡度会因流向变化而变化。     

FY-3B TOU与Aura OMI卫星臭氧总量产品的比对分析

通过FY-3BTOU与Aura OMI卫星臭氧总量产品的比对分析,检验FY-3BTOU臭氧总量产品的适用性.结果显示,两者的相对偏差(RD)在赤道、南北半球中纬度大部分地区为2％～4％,而在南北极区扩到4％～6％和8％～10％,从赤道到两极RD随纬度升高而增大;除南北极区外,其余地区RD月平均值均呈现出明显的季节变化特...     

小体积液液萃取气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中的克百威与3-羟基克百威

克百威和3-羟基克百威是一对典型的农药母体及其代谢产物,由于其水溶性高、毒性大,可通过地表水或地下水进行长距离迁移,对人类健康和环境安全造成危害.以往通常采用液相萃取或固相萃取的方式提取样品中的克百威和3-羟基克百威,但这些方法操作繁琐、耗时较长,不利于室内模拟实验中多组样品的检测.为实现克百威与3-羟基克百威在地下水...     

"99.6"梅雨锋暴雨模拟资料的诊断分析

利用非静力中尺度模式MM5V3的模拟资料对"99.6"梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了对流动量输送(CMT)和视热源视水汽汇分析。CMT诊断分析表明,水平动量残差在切变低涡发展的不同阶段的作用是不同的,在中尺度低涡发生初期对流层低层动量残差X主要是加速西南气流的北上;在对流层中层动量残差在槽后加速冷空气南下,在槽前加速西南暖湿气流北上,非常有利于东亚大槽的发展。在低涡切变线强烈发展时,850hPa的X方向与发生阶段相反,此时西南气流受到了强烈的减速作用,同时500hPa东亚大槽的前部和后部出现了减速气流的动量残差,槽后冷空气和槽前的暖湿气流都已经受到减速作用,此后低涡切变线逐渐衰减。低涡切变线发展到最强的阶段,强X矢量几乎总是与强烈上升运动区相对应,能量转换E的水平分布表明,大尺度系统与中尺度系统之间的能量转换非常复杂,并不是简单的能量串级过程,但能量主要是从大尺度向次网格尺度转换。200hPa动能转换E的带状分布非常清楚,E的正负大值中心分布在高空急流的2侧,表明高空急流在能量转换的过程中起到非常重要的作用。视热源和视水汽汇的诊断分析显示,强凝结潜热的释放与低涡的发展相伴随,但视热源只与β中尺度系统有明显的对应关系,视水汽汇有和视热源非常相似的分布特征。     

Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms over the Beijing metropolitan region

The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning data can also be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to help improve the forecasting of severe convection and precipitation at the cloud-resolved scale,through adjusting or correcting the thermodynamic and microphysical parameters of the model.     

3-甲基胆蒽对斑马鱼组织病理效应的初步研究

分别用25、50、100、200和400μg/L的3-甲基胆蒽(3-MC)对斑马鱼进行水浴染毒,于第7天和第14天采集各染毒组和对照组活鱼的肝、鳃、心、肠和肾,进行病理组织学检查。结果发现,一定剂量的3-MC能导致肝细胞变性,胞浆内出现脂肪滴,严重时肝细胞坏死解体,界限模糊;心肌细胞萎缩坏死;肠粘膜上皮细胞纹状缘不整齐,有的脱落;鳃丝结构异常,鳃小片表面粗糙,上皮细胞不完整;肾小管上皮细胞肿胀,细胞界限不清,管腔内均质红染。供试斑马鱼的病理组织变化与3-MC的作用剂量和作用时间存在一定的关系。     

一种基于GTP的复杂地质体真3维

在总结分析现有复杂断层及倒转褶皱3维建模方法的基础上,提出一种基于广义三棱柱（GTP）的3维交互建模方法（岩柱体分区RPBP建模法）。文中定义了岩柱体、界限三角形两个重要概念,RPBP法可以通过构建断层界限三角形,将复杂断层系转化为多个简单断层系,然后采用构建简单断层系模型的方法来实现复杂断层系的3维建模;而对于倒转褶皱,RPBP法则通过构建褶皱轴界限三角形避免数据局部重复和冲突,使GTP建模过程得以顺利进行。实验表明,该方法能便捷可靠地实现含多断层相互切割、倒转褶皱等复杂地质体的真3维建模。     

使用单景卫星影像进行立体电力选线——基于SabeOrtho与Orth02Ste组合的3维选线

一、系统产生背景摄影测量引人我国以来,国内在数字摄影测量领域的理论研究取得了很大的进步。在王之卓先生于1978年提出的“全数字自动化测图系统概念”指导下,我国数字摄影测量正以世人难以想象的速度发展,数字摄影测量工作站在中国的摄影测量生产中获得了普遍的应用与推广。在此形式下,国家测绘局提出了数字化测绘技术的发展目标,即实施4D产品战略,4D指DLG（数字线划图）、DOM（数字正射影像图）、DEM（数字高程模型）、DRG（数字栅格地图）。     

3DGIS在公路设计工程中的应用

为了优化公路设计方法,探索了3DGIS技术在公路设计工程方面的应用。从公路设计中的道路选线优化、新设计道路的三维可视化以及土石方工程量的计算等几个方面研究了数字高程模型（DEM）与ArcGIS的三维分析模块在公路设计中的应用。再现了带状数字地面模型,为道路的平面选线工作提供了准确快速的坡度、坡向分析方法,通过行车模拟对道路设计效果进行评价。3DGIS技术辅助公路设计,使得公路设计方案更为直观、科学。