遥感25号无场化相对辐射定标

遥感25号是中国首颗高敏捷亚米级高分辨率光学遥感卫星。常规的偏航相对辐射定标利用卫星或相机偏航90°对地面均匀场进行成像,使得传感器所有探元获取相同的入瞳辐射亮度,实现卫星传感器的相对辐射定标。但拍摄单一地物均匀场并不能实现卫星传感器全动态范围的辐射定标,并降低了该方案的应用效率。本文针对中国遥感25号卫星,提出了不依赖于地面均匀场的无场化偏航辐射定标方法实现遥感25号的高精度高频次相对辐射定标;同时在偏航辐射定标数据处理中提出基于line segment detector(LSD)算法偏航定标数据规定化方法,确保偏航辐射定标图像每一行数据为传感器所有探元对同一地物的成像;采用传感器探元直方图规定化的方法实现遥感25号全动态范围相对辐射定标参数解算。利用遥感25号偏航辐射定标数据进行辐射定标试验并与传统在轨统计辐射定标进行对比,结果表明遥感25号经偏航辐射定标后所有探元平均条纹系数优于0.07%,图像上各种条纹条带噪声以及残余条带噪声得到较好去除,无场化偏航辐射定标方法优于传统在轨统计辐射定标方法。     

On the complex disc–corona interactions in the soft spectral states of soft X-ray transients

Accreting black holes show a complex and diverse behaviour in their soft spectral states. Although these spectra are dominated by a soft, thermal component which almost certainly arises from an accretion disc, there is also a hard X-ray tail indicating that some fraction of the accretion power is instead dissipated in hot, optically thin coronal material. During such states, best observed in the early outburst of soft X-ray transients, the ratio of power dissipated in the hot corona to that in the disc can vary from ∼ 0 (pure disc accretion) to ∼ 1 (equal power in each). Here we present results of spectral analyses of a number of sources, demonstrating the presence of complex features in their energy spectra. Our main findings are: (1) the soft components are not properly described by a thermal emission from accretion discs: they are appreciably broader than can be described by disc blackbody models even including relativistic effects, and (2) the spectral features near     commonly seen in such spectra can be well described by reprocessing of hard X-rays by optically thick, highly ionized, relativistically moving plasma.     

线状与面状对象的拓扑关系及其量度指标体系研究

以计算几何模型为基础,结合对人们在相互交流中所涉及的拓扑关系分析,本文将线状与面状要素的拓扑关系概括为19种形式,并建立了15种量化指标对其进行细化描述,给定了这19种拓扑关系与15种量化指标的依赖关系,规范了15种拓扑关系量化指标的应用条件,最后对所提出的拓扑关系及其量化指标模型实施的可行性进行了分析。文中所提的拓扑关系描述深化了GIS平台的信息查询,并对查询语言的改进具有借鉴价值。     

南羌塘坳陷古油藏原油生物降解作用及意义

对南羌塘坳陷古油藏开展了有机地球化学分析, 从生物标志化合物特征和地质条件探讨古油藏生物降解特征及成藏期次。研究表明, 古油藏储层样品抽提物的正构烷烃分布完整, 但色谱基线发生不同程度抬升, 形成“鼓包”现象, 指示古油藏遭受了一定程度的生物降解作用; 古油藏族组分碳同位素发生“倒转”和普遍检出的25-降藿烷也证实了古油藏经历了中等-严重的生物降解。然而, 古油藏储层样品饱和烃色谱图显示出正构烷烃较为完整, 指示古油藏储层可能经历两期原油充注, 第一次原油遭受了生物降解, 第二期原油保留相对完整的正构烷烃。古油藏储层经历了两次原油充注, 与南羌塘坳陷富有机质页岩经历了两次生排烃的过程是一致。     

Distinctive C isotopic signature distinguishes a novel sea ice biomarker in Arctic sediments and sediment traps

A C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) monoene hydrocarbon, designated IP₂₅, has been proposed previously to originate from diatoms living in Arctic sea ice, while the presence of IP₂₅ in sediments has been suggested to be a proxy for the occurrence of former Arctic sea ice. Here, we show that the ¹³C isotopic composition of IP₂₅ in sea ice, in sediment trap material collected under sea ice, and in high latitude northern sediments, is distinctive (isotopically ‘heavy’) and distinguishable from that of organic matter of planktonic or terrigenous origin. Mean δ¹³C values for IP₂₅ were − 22.3 ± 0.4‰ (sea ice), − 19.6 ± 1.1‰ (sediment traps) and − 19.3 ± 2.3‰ (sediments). These measurements, therefore, support further the proposed use of IP₂₅ as an Arctic sea ice proxy.     

Topological relations between spherical spatial regions with holes

ABSTRACT

There is growing interest in globally modelling the entire planet. Although topological relations between spherical simple regions and topological relations between regions with holes in the plane have been investigated, few studies have focused on the topological relations between spherical spatial regions with holes. The 16-intersection model (16IM) is proposed to describe the topological relations between spatial regions with holes. A total of 25 negative conditions are proposed to eliminate the impossible topological relations between spherical spatial regions with holes. The results show that (1) 3 disjoint relations, 3 meet relations, 66 overlap relations, 7 cover relations, 3 contain relations, 1 equal relation, 7 coveredBy relations, 3 inside relations, 1 attach relation, 52 entwined relations, and 28 embrace relations can be distinguished by the 16IM and that (2) the formalisms of attach, entwined, and embrace relations between the spherical spatial regions without holes based on the 9IM and that between the spherical spatial regions with holes based on the simplified 16IM are different, whereas the formalisms of other types of relations between spherical spatial regions without holes based on the 9IM and that between the spherical spatial regions with holes based on a simplified 16IM are the same.     

基于面状要素拓扑关系的数据匹配技术研究

数据匹配技术是空间数据集成与融合中的关键技术。本文根据9交模型中的面状拓扑关系的描述,对面积叠置率进行了几何度量上的定义,提出了基于面积迭置率的数据匹配思路,实现了面状要素一对一、多对一、多对多的数据匹配。最后,以面状目标为研究对象,以城市居民地的大比例尺数据为例,对基于面积迭置率的面状要素数据匹配算法进行了试验与分析。     

利用高支链类异戊二烯(HBIs)重建极地海冰的研究进展

海冰的准确重建对反演气候和环境变化具有重要意义。近期研究表明,有机指标高支链类异戊二烯(HBIs)具有重建极地海冰状况的潜质,海洋沉积物中具有海冰特异性的单烯HBI(IP_(25))和双烯HBI(IPSO_(25))指标已分别成为研究北极和南极海冰变化的有力工具。本文综述了IP_(25)、IPSO_(25)的提出和验证,分析了影响HBIs生成、迁移和埋藏的诸多因素,总结了为实现精细化区分海冰状况和定量化重建海冰密集度而提出的新指标的发展及应用,并就目前存在的问题和未来研究方向进行了探讨和展望。     

VLBI and VLA observations of intraday polarization variability in 0917+624 and 0954+658

Total intensity and polarization λ =6 cm Very Large Array (VLA) and global very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images of the quasar 0917+624 and the BL Lacertae object 0954+658 (both at epoch 1991.43) are analysed. Integrated measurements using the VLA during the VLBI observations indicated that, although there were no substantial total intensity variations, there were significant polarization variations for both sources during the 24-h VLBI experiment. The VLBI data were divided into 2–3 h segments in order to try to identify corresponding rapid variability in the VLBI structure. This analysis revealed intraday variability (IDV) in the VLBI core of 0917+624: both the polarized flux and the polarization position angle varied substantially on time-scales of ∼5–10 h. There is evidence that the VLA polarization variations for 0954+658 occurred in an inner VLBI jet component, where the polarized flux varied by ∼30–40 per cent on time-scales of ∼2 h. 0917+624 and 0954+658 were observed together with 0716+714, an object that also displayed IDV in the polarized flux density measured during our experiment (analysed in a separate paper). These three sources were targeted for the VLBI observations since they had been previously identified as intraday variables, but we had no way of knowing whether they would vary during our observations. The fact that all three exhibited IDV in polarization (but not in total intensity) during our experiment suggests that polarization IDV occurs frequently in at least some IDV sources.