A CLIMATOLOGY OF EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC

Based on best-track data and JRA-25 reanalysis, a climatology of western North Pacific extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclone (TC) is presented in this paper. It was found that 35% (318 out of 912) of all TCs underwent ET during 1979–2008. The warm-season (June through September) ETs account for 64% of all ET events with the most occurrence in September. The area 120°E–150°E and 20°N–40°N is the most favorable region for ET onsets in western North Pacific. The TCs experience ET at latitudes 30°N–40°N and have the greatest intensity in contrast to other latitude bands. The distribution of ET onset locations shows obviously meridional migration in different seasons. A cyclone phase space (CPS) method was used to analyze the TC evolution during ET. Except for some cases of abnormal ET at relatively high latitudes, typical phase evolution paths—along which TC firstly showed thermal asymmetry and an upper-level cold core and then lost its low-level warm core—can be used to describe the main features of ET processes in western North Pacific. Some seasonal variations of ET evolution paths in CPS were also found at low latitudes south of 15°N, which suggests different ET onset mechanisms there. Further composite analysis concluded that warm-season ETs have generally two types of evolutions, but only one type in cold season (October through next May). The first type of warm-season ETs has less baroclinicity due to long distance between the TC and upper-level mid-latitude system. However, significant interactions between a mid-latitude upper -level trough and TC, of either approaching or being absorbed into the trough, and TC’s relations with downstream and upstream upper-level jets, are the fingerprints for both a second type of warm-season ETs and almost all the cold-season ETs. For each type of ETs, detailed structural characteristics as well as precipitation distribution are illustrated by latitude.     

CAN总线通信接口设计

提出了一种用单片机STC89C52及SJA1000总线控制器组成CAN总线智能节点的设计方案,给出了硬件电路,并详细介绍了SJA1000初始化、接收及发送数据程序的框图及程序设计.设计中程序均已通过调试,介绍的设计方法易于掌握且具有较强的灵活性和通用性,方便使用者学习和掌握.     

渤中25-1地区油气运移的输导通道及其示踪分析

渤中25-1地区是渤中坳陷重要的含油气区,具有复杂的构造演化与沉积充填史,输导通道一直是该地区成藏动力学研究的关键.采取宏观与微观相结合的研究思路,在理清研究区构造演化、沉积充填及其油气地质特征的基础上,讨论了油气运移的输导通道并对其进行了示踪分析,进而总结了该区的油气成藏模式.研究表明,长期继承性活动的基底断层是油气垂向运移的主输导通道,原油性质及地层水化学特征证实了断层的输导作用.上新统明化镇组和渐新统沙河街组渗透性储层是油气侧向运移的主要通道.沙河街组油藏具有自源压控侧向运移成藏的特点,明化镇组油藏具有它源断控垂向运移成藏的特点.     

1/2.5万路线土壤测量在西藏羌堆铜矿区的找矿效果

2005年在西藏达孜县羌堆铜矿区进行了1/2.5万的路线土壤测量(40 km2),路线土壤测量省力经济,适用于地形复杂、植被发育的通行困难地区;根据土壤测量的地化异常特征推断了3条断裂、3个半隐伏-隐伏的斑岩体,发现12处地化异常,其中11-A为已知矿致异常,8-A,4-B,6-A,9-A异常分别为寻找斑岩型铜矿、构造蚀变岩型金矿的良好靶区,可安排地质物探综合普查.     

The occurrence of bisnorhopane,trisnorhopane and 25-norhopanes as free hydrocarbons in some Australian shales

The triterpenoid hydrocarbons of some West Australian shales have been examined by GC-MS. In addition to the common 17α(H),21β(H)-hopanes, 17β(H),21β(H)-hopanes and 17β(H),21α(H)-moretanes, 28,30-bisnorhopane, 25,28,30-trisnorhopane and 25-norhopanes were identified in the organic extracts. In contrast, pyrolysates of the solvent-extracted sediments contained only the common hopane and moretane series, indicating that 28,30-bisnorhopane, 25,28,30-trisnorhopane and 25-norhopanes are not bonded to kerogen, but rather are present in the sediments as free hydrocarbons.     

地籍地块间的空间拓扑关系

地籍的核心是地块，地块间存在着多种空间关系和时间关系。这些关系是地籍数据更新、信息查询与分析的基础。一个地块可看做2维欧氏空间中的一个面域，但目前对于两个面域间空间拓扑关系的描述方法非常有限，不能区分一个简单地块和一个复合地块(一个大地块中包围一个小地块的地块)间的空间拓扑关系。在Egenhofer等提出的包含空洞的两个面域间空间拓扑关系描述框架的基础上提出了一种描述地块间空间拓扑关系的双四元交模型(Double 4I，简称为D-4I模型)，其特点是用两个四元组矩阵来描述最多包含一个复合地块的两地块间的空间拓扑关系，并用D-4I模型推导了一个简单地块和一个复合地块间的拓扑关系类型，共描述了31种地块间的空间拓扑关系，并总结了在地籍信息系统数据更新和数据质量控制中具有重要意义的7种常见的两个地块间空间拓扑关系。这些拓扑关系的描述与区分澄清了地籍地块间的空间拓扑关系类型，为地籍数据更新操作、地籍信息系统的数据质量控制、信息查询与分析推理等奠定了理论基础。     

A numerical study of swash flows generated by bores

The dynamic processes of bore propagation over a uniform slope are studied numerically using a 2-D Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver, coupled to a non-linear k − ε turbulence closure and a volume of fluid (VOF) method. The dam-break mechanism is used to generate bores in a constant depth region. Present numerical results for the ensemble-averaged flow field are compared with existing experimental data as well as theoretical and numerical results based on non-linear shallow water (NSW) equations. Reasonable agreement between the present numerical solutions and experimental data is observed. Using the numerical results, small-scale bore behaviors and flow features, such as the bore collapse process near the still-water shoreline, the ‘mini-collapse’ during the runup phase and the ‘back-wash bore’ in the down-rush phase, are described. In the case of a strong bore, the evolution of the averaged turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) over the swash zone consists of two phases: in the region near the still-water shoreline, the production and the dissipation of TKE are roughly in balance; in the region farther landwards of the still-water shoreline, the TKE decay rate is very close to that of homogeneous grid turbulence. On the other hand, in the case of a weak bore, the bore collapse generated turbulence is confined near the bottom boundary layer and the TKE decays at a much slower rate.     

黄海西部2005—2007年海雾演变的气候特征研究

海雾对沿海地区的交通运输、工农业生产等影响很大,需要开展深入研究,以探索其生消演变规律。本文选择黄海西部的成山头、青岛、海阳、日照等4个测站为代表性测站,分析了2005—2007年海雾发生期间的位势高度、海温、海表面风场、相对湿度、稳定度及散度等要素场特征,着重探讨了海雾演变的气候特征。研究结果表明:500 hPa高空槽前位于黄海上空时有利于成雾;海温异常低的年份雾日较多;风向、散度和低层的层结稳定度是影响黄海海雾的主要因素;地理位置也是影响黄海海雾变化的重要因子;黄海海雾的水平分布具有南北空间不一致的特点。     

桩古25井映震效能分析

介绍了桩古２５井的基本情况,分析了地震前该井产油量变化特征和映震效能。震前该井产油量突升,有时还伴有自喷现象,地震强度越大,异常幅度越大或持续时间越长,该井对绝大部分发生在其周围２００ｋｍ以内的４级以上地震和５００ｋｍ以内的５级以上地硅有不同程度的异常反映,最后对该井的映震机理进行了讨论。